Академический Документы
Профессиональный Документы
Культура Документы
Calculating Percentage
Change in Productivity
Exercise
Determine the productivity for the
following data
Four workers installed 720 sq yards of carpet in
eight hours.
Requirement
Find out the yards per hour carpet installation.
Solution
Formula
Exercise
Keeping in view the previous
example, a new worker joins the
group. The next job (900 yards) is
done in 9.5 hour. What is the new
productivity, and what is the
productivity change?
Solution
labor hours
Calculating Percentage
Change in Productivity
Formula
New Old
Old
Converting to percentage and Multiply the result with 100
Solution
Exercise
A machine produced 68 usable
pieces in two hours.
Calculate pieces produced per hour
by a machine.
Solution
Formula
Productivity Measure
Example
Determine the multifactor productivity for the
combined input using the following data:
Output;
1760 units
Input;
Labor $1000,
Material $520,
Overhead $2000.
Requirement;
Find out output per dollar
Productivity Measure
Example - Solution
Output: 1760 units
Input: Labor $1000, Material $520, Overhead $2000.
Multifactor Productivity
Output
Labor + Material + Overhead
1760 units
$1000 + $520 +
$2000
= 0.50 units/dollar
Lecture 5
OperationsOriented
Barriers to Entry
Economies of Scale
Capital Investment
Access to Supply and
Distribution Channels
Learning Curve
1-15
Evolution of Operations
Management
Craft production
process of handcrafting products or
services for individual customers
Division of labor
dividing a job into a series of small
tasks each performed by a different
worker
Interchangeable parts
standardization of parts initially as
replacement parts; enabled mass
production
1-16
Evolution of Operations
Management (cont.)
Scientific management
systematic analysis of work methods
Mass production
high-volume production of a
standardized product for a mass market
Lean production
adaptation of mass production that
prizes quality and flexibility
1-17
Historical Events in
Operations Management
Era
Industrial
Revolution
Events/Concepts
Dates
Steam engine
Division of labor
Interchangeable parts
Principles of scientific
1769
1776
1790
management
Time and motion studies
Scientific
Management Activity scheduling chart
Moving assembly line
1-18
Originator
James Watt
Adam Smith
Eli Whitney
1911
Frederick W. Taylor
1911
1912
1913
Henry Ford
Events/Concepts
Human
Relations
Motivation theories
Operations
Research
Hawthorne studies
Linear programming
Digital computer
Simulation, waiting
line theory, decision
theory, PERT/CPM
MRP, EDI, EFT, CIM
Dates
Originator
1950s
Operations research
groups
1930
1940s
1950s
1960s
1947
1951
1960s,
1970s
1-19
Elton Mayo
Abraham Maslow
Frederick Herzberg
Douglas McGregor
George Dantzig
Remington Rand
1970s
1980s
1990s
1990s
1-20
Globalization
Internet
Revolution
Events/Concepts
Dates Originator
1990s
Numerous countries
2000s
and companies
1990s
ARPANET, Tim
Berners-Lee SAP,
i2 Technologies,
ORACLE,
E-commerce
2000s
PeopleSoft
Amazon, Yahoo,
eBay, and others
1-21
Historical Development of
OM
Craft production
1700s
Industrial revolution Late 1700s
Scientific management (Model T)
Early 1900s
Human relations movement
1930sManagement science 1940sComputer age 1960sEnvironmental Issues 1970sJIT & TQM*
1980s-
Historical Development
cont
History of operations
management
Operations Management
and E - Business
Assignment/Presentation No.1
How companies manage their
business in the e- business
environment?
It must cover
Forms of e-business
Forms of e-business used in Pakistan
Impact of e-business on operations
management of businesses operating
across globe.