Relationship of Childhood

Headache with Preferences in

Leisure Time Activities,
Depression, Anxiety and Eating
Habits: A Population-Based,
Cross-Sectional Study
Presenter : Denis Harli Siregar
Moderator : dr. Fasihah Irfani Fitri M. (Ked)
Neu Sp. S
4th Journal Reading
30th September 2015

Cephalalgia

ABSTRACT

determine

the relationship between

headache frequency, socio-demographic
data, personal characteristics, habits,
daily activities, daily loss of ability,
depression and anxiety in the headache
subtypes in the pediatric population.

OBJECTIVES

stage questionnaire children.

The resulting data compared according
to the results of the headache subtypes

METHOD

In

school-age children, the prevalence of

recurrent headaches was 39.4%, and the
prevalence of migraine was 10.3%.

RESULTS

management

of treating childhood
headaches association of psychiatric
comorbidities should be considered.
To minimize disability children should
be directed to more useful physical
activities.

CONCLUSION

The

purpose of the present study was to

conduct a prevalence study to underscore
the relationship between childhood
headaches and leisure time preferences,
depression, anxiety, daily disability and
eating habits.

INTRODUCTION

Study

Population cross sectional

school age children (ages ranging
between 9 and 18 years) 12 schools in
Ankara
Study Design 2 stages.
The first stage questionnaire of 8
distinct sections

METHODS

First stage

First Stage
1th-4th

general info, childhood

depression scale, BAI & eating habits
5th any recurrent headaches?
6th question based on ICHD-II
frequency, location, duration, pulsating
quality, intensity, nausea?, vomit?, photo
& phonofobia, aggravation by routine
physical activity
7th pain history, intensity, migraine?
8th PedMIDAS

Second stage

Second Stage
6th

ICHD II Child Neurologist

headache classified PedMIDAS
Exclusion

Scoring of depression, anxiety and

PedMIDAS
scales that were used
For

rating depression childhood

depression scale compiled by the
Association of Turkish Child psychiatry
depression score of >19 depressive.

The

Turkish version of Beck anxiety

scores, >21 positive confirmed by
a child psychiatrist in 2nd stage
PedMIDAS scoring Verbatim Turkish
version

The

extent of disability was divided into

four grades based on the total score on
the PedMIDAS.
Grade I 0 to 10 little to no disability.
Grade II 11 to 30 mild disability.
Grade III 31 to 50 moderate
disability.
Grade IV >50 severe disability.

The Hypotheses
HO:

Childhood headaches are not

triggered by sedentary activities, anxiety,
depression, and dietary intake.
HA: Childhood headaches are triggered by
sedentary activities, anxiety, depression,
and dietary intake.

RESULTS

DISCUSSION
Prevalence

of recurrent headaches

39.4%
Prevalence of migraine 10.3% in
school-age children.
Changes in the emotional status during
puberty important determined if the
emotional problem/change comorbidity
or primary?
studies conducted TTH Have a
relationship with anxiety and psychiatric
comorbidities that included depression

Prevalence

of anxiety, especially in migraineurs

(43.5%), and
Prevalence of depression (29.6%) were much
higher than that of the general population and
those with other types of headache.
The PedMIDAS scores of migraineur children with
depression and anxiety were significantly higher
than the other types of headaches.
These data may show us that, in the management
of migraine treatment, psychiatric comorbidities
should be considered as much as TTH.

No

differences between migraine and

family income level.
Migraine rates significantly higher in
female students.
Children Migrain Higher educated
mother
Diet, lifestyle, and habits headaches in
children.

previous study showed that inadequate fluid intake,

irregular meals, and diet related factors such as high
caffeine consumption increased the frequency and duration
of attacks and triggered the attacks .
It was shown that some other habits, including smoking and
alcohol consumption, were related to headaches .
In a small number of studies conducted on children, it was
shown that caffeine consumption, irregular breakfasts, and a
lack of regular sleep habits had a relation with headaches.
In these studies, the sample groups were small, the age
ranges were narrow, and the income status was not taken
into consideration or the studies covered only certain types
of headaches.

PedMIDAS

scores were higher in children who preferred

reading books, watching TV, and using computers in
their spare time
Caffeinated beverages primary triggers among the
foods that caused attacks.
Although cola, coffee and tea trigger migraine attacks,
the rate of consumption was significantly higher in the
migraineurs
Migraineurs had higher levels of maternal education
but a lower grade point average.
competitive examination system pressure from
educated parents headaches.

We

found that the prevalence of recurrent headaches

was 39.4% and the prevalence of migraine was
10.3% in school-age children.
The pediatric Migraine Disability Assessment Scale
(PedMIDAS) scores of the children who spent their
free time playing sports were lower. The score was
higher in children who preferred reading books,
watching TV, and using computers in their spare time.
The mothers education level, the presence of obesity,
a low grade point average, the presence of anxiety,
and a high PedMIDAS score were related to migraine.

CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS