Application of ANN Technique for Incorporating FACTS Device and DG under Contingency Condition

presented by

BALEBOINA GURU MOHAN

15121D0704

Under the guidance of

Mr. D. SURESH BABU

M.Tech., (Ph.D).
Asst. Prof, Dept. of EEE

1/5/17

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONIC

ENGINEERING
SREE VIDYANIKETHAN ENGINEERING COLLEGE
A.RANGAMPET, TIRUPATI 517 102
INDIA
2015 - 2017
Dept. of EEE

Application of ANN Technique for Incorporating FACTS Device and DG under

Contingency Condition

Contents:
Motivation for the project
Introduction
Literature survey
Objectives
Indices
V-Q Sensitivity
Modal analysis
Case Study
References
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Application of ANN Technique for Incorporating FACTS Device and DG under

Contingency Condition

Motivation for the project:

Day to day the demand for the electric power is
increased widely, the power system networks are
being very complicated.
This cause black out under different outages, if
disturbances arent well foreseen and the remedy
tools are prepared for such cases.

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Dept. of EEE

Application of ANN Technique for Incorporating FACTS Device and DG under

Contingency Condition

Introduction:

Voltage stability is concerned with the ability of

power system to maintain acceptable voltage at
all buses in the system under normal conditions
and after being subjected a disturbance.
The main factor causing instability is the inability
of the power system to meet the demand for
reactive power.
Different types voltage stability indices(LI, VCPI)
are introduced in order to evaluate the stability
limit.
Conventionally electro mechanical devices can

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Dept. of EEE

[Contd

Application of ANN Technique for Incorporating FACTS Device and DG under

Contingency Condition

ntroduction [Contd]
These drawbacks can be overcome by using
FACTS Device, to provide active power flow and
enhance the stability margins.
The ANN can be used to predict the weak buses
and location of the FACTS & DG.
The three functions of DG are
o active and reactive power injections
o active power injection and reactive
absorption
o only active power injections
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power

Application of ANN Technique for Incorporating FACTS Device and DG under

Contingency Condition

Literature Survey:

Based on the availability, the literature has been

classified under four phases
Phase

1:

Determination

of

various

stability

indices.
Phase

2:

Location

of

FACTS

Device

for

enhancement of stability.
Phase 3: Strengthen the weak buses through the
placement of DG.
Phase

4:

Identification for the prediction of

Location for installing FACTS & DG

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Dept. of EEE

Application of ANN Technique for Incorporating FACTS Device and DG under

Contingency Condition

Phase 1: Determination of various stability indices.

R.NO

Authors

Overview of the paper

A simple method for voltage stability
assessment is given by reducing the bus
Denis Hau Aik
1
impedance matrix of a network to facilitate
Lee
an equivalent nodal analysis at a referred
bus.
Eigen values are associated with a mode of
Voltage and reactive power variation
to
2
P. Kundur
provide a relative measure of proximity to
voltage instability.
Based on sensitivity technique, the voltage
N. Flatabo et
3
instability point of a general network can be
al.
determined.
Minimum singular value for the power
adjustments near instability limits and
4
A. Tiranuchit
accuracy in numerical computations for
tracking a voltage collapse.
The evaluation of load power margins under
5
N. Yorino
branch and generator outage contingencies.
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The optimized
voltages through L index

Application of ANN Technique for Incorporating FACTS Device and DG under

Contingency Condition

Phase 1: Determination of various stability indices.[Contd]

R.N
Authors
O

Overview of the paper

P. Kessel

An L-index, to predict a voltage instability or the

proximity of a collapse.

P. Kundur

Modeling requirements for both dynamic and steady

state analysis.

9
10
11
12

P. Rajalakshmi et
Comparison of VCPI with FVSI, Lmn and Lqp index.
al.
Voltage collapse proximity indicator for fast stability
Tomasz Okon
studies.
Various voltage stability indices that had been
Z. J. Lim et al
deployed.
Ismail Musirin

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Voltage
stability is based on ranking of
contingencies, the process carried out using Fast
Voltage Stability Index.

Dept. of EEE

Application of ANN Technique for Incorporating FACTS Device and DG under

Contingency Condition

Phase 2: Location of FACTS Device for enhance the stability.

R.N
O
13

14

15
16

17

Authors

Overview of the paper

Prashant
Kumar

The improvement of dynamic voltage control and thus

increasing system load ability using STATCOM
SVC and TCSC devices help to increase the
Carlos
F. controllability of flow over the lines and at the same
Sabilln et al. time enhance the system stability through overall
generation costs and losses.
Optimal location of FACTS Device is found out by
Manisha Rani calculating Voltage Collapse Proximity Index under
different loading conditions.
The effect of location of FACTS devices improves the
Alok Kumar M flexibility and dynamic control of power systems
operation.
Shishir Dixit

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Optimal placement and sizing of FACTS devices based

on different evolutionary techniques (like Genetic
Algorithm (GA), Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO)).
Dept. of EEE

Application of ANN Technique for Incorporating FACTS Device and DG under

Contingency Condition

Phase 3: Strengthen the weak buses through the placement of DG.

R.N
O
18

Authors

Overview the paper

W. El-Khatam

DG classifications to emphasize DG concepts and DGs

economical, operational benefits to support the
implementation of DG in the distribution network.

19

J. H. Angelim

20

Geethika N

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The most suitable locations to connect DG sources are

identified by modal analysis through participation
factors.
Optimal location and size of DGs in electric grid for
active and reactive voltage sensitivity indices on
utilizing DGs units optimally within certain limits and
constraints.

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Application of ANN Technique for Incorporating FACTS Device and DG under

Contingency Condition

Phase 4: ANN Techniques

R.NO

Authors

Overview the paper

21

Voltage collapse prediction index using voltage

G.Balamuruga
phasor and angle at a bus and the network
n
admittance matrix .

22

ANN based on-line approach that requires minimum

V.
input for estimation of voltage collapse proximity
Balamourouga
indicator for each critical bus under normal and
n
contingency conditions

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Application of ANN Technique for Incorporating FACTS Device and DG under

Contingency Condition

Objectives:

To obtain the V-Q sensitivity, Modal sensitivity

and comparing these with L-Index (LI) and
Voltage Collapse Proximity Indicator (VCPI) under
normal and outage conditions.
To identify the proper location to install FACTS
Device and check the enhancement in stability
margin.
To identify the proper location to install
Distributed Generator (DG) with existence of
FACTS Device and check the enhancement in
stability margin.
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Application of ANN Technique for Incorporating FACTS Device and DG under

Contingency Condition

Objectives:

To show the effectiveness of the proposed

method, IEEE 30-bus system is used as a test
case. Mi-Power and MATLAB softwares will be
used for simulation purpose.

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Application of ANN Technique for Incorporating FACTS Device and DG under

Contingency Condition

Indices:

The voltage stability indices are introduced in order to evaluate the stability
limit. Voltage stability indices are invaluable tools for gauging the proximity of a
given operating point to voltage instability.

The objective of the voltage stability indices is to quantify how close a particular
point is to the steady state voltage stability margin.

Different types of indices are used in literature for optimization of power system.
Some of the available indices are
1. Line Stability Index(LSI)
2. Voltage Collapse Prediction Index (VCPI)
3. Power Transfer Stability Index (PTSI)
4. Line Voltage Stability Index (LVSI)
5. Equivalent Node Voltage Collapse Index (ENVCI)
6. L- Index (LI)
7. Fast Voltage Stability Index (FVSI)
Among the different indices for voltage stability and voltage collapse
prediction, the L-index gives fairly consistent results.

These indices can be used on-line or offline to help operators in real time
operation of power system or in designing and planning operations.

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Application of ANN Technique for Incorporating FACTS Device and DG under

Contingency Condition

V-Q Sensitivity:

Traditionally P-V and Q-V curves are used to determine the load flows.

As the load of the bus increases, the bus voltage will drop to the collapse point and
the slope of the curve will be zero.

The process of obtaining the QV curve is time-consuming, which slows down the
monitoring progress significantly.

Therefore, Indices are introduced here to determine voltage stability. It is much

faster than the current QV curve method.

Various methods to assess steady-state voltage stability have been derived from the
Newton-Raphson power flow solution method given by

P J P J PV

Q (1)
J
J
Q QV V

By letting P = 0, the above equation can be written as

1
V J RQV
Q

(2)

matrix
1/5/17 where JRQV is the QV reduced Jacobian
Dept. of
EEE of the system.

[Contd

15

Application of ANN Technique for Incorporating FACTS Device and DG under

Contingency Condition

-Q Sensitivity [Contd]

JRQV directly relates to the bus voltage

magnitude and the bus reactive power injection
A positive VQ sensitivity is indicative of stable
operation
The smaller the sensitivity the more stable the
system
As stability decreases, the magnitude of
sensitivity increases, becoming infinite at the
stability limit.
Dept. ofVQ
EEE sensitivity represents
16
Conversely, a negative
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Application of ANN Technique for Incorporating FACTS Device and DG under

Contingency Condition

Modal analysis:

Voltage stability characteristics of the system can be identified by computing

the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of the reduced jacobian matrix J R defined
by the equation is given by
.

x f ( x, v )
Let

J R

(3)
Where

From the above eqution

(4)

= right eigenvector matrix of JR

= Diagonal eigenvalues of the matrix J R
= Left eigenvector matrix of JR

J R1 1

Substituting the equation(4) in equation(2) gives

or Q
this gives the ith mode Q1
i i
V Q
V response.
V
i

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Dept. of EEE

[Contd]17

Application of ANN Technique for Incorporating FACTS Device and DG under

Contingency Condition

odal Analysis [Contd]

1

V 1Q

the equation may be written as

v 1q or

Where
and

v V
q Q

the vector of modal voltage variations

is the vector of modal reactive power

1
variations
vi
q
i i
Thus,
ith mode we have
for
0
i

If
, modal voltage and the modal reactive power
variations are along the same direction indicating the
i 0 is voltage stable.
system
If
, modal voltage and the modal reactive power
i are along the opposite direction indicating the
variations
system is voltage unstable.
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[Contd]18

Application of ANN Technique for Incorporating FACTS Device and DG under

Contingency Condition

odal Analysis [Contd]

The V-Q sensitivity at the bus K, is given by

V
ki ik
i
Q
i

From the above equation that the V-Q sensitivities

cannot identify individual voltage collapse modes;
Instead they provide information regarding the
combined effects of all modes of voltage-reactive
power variations.

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Application of ANN Technique for Incorporating FACTS Device and DG under

Contingency Condition

Case Study: IEEE14 bus system

Bus-13 Voltage stability Indices comparison

Injecte
d
Bus
reactiv
voltag Angle
e
e
Power
(MVAR)
5.8

1.027 -16.058

100

0.902 -14.414

200

0.755 -14.639

250

0.616 -18.148

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91858.1

Lamda

SVD

LI

VCPI

0.1723 0.0606i
0.1923 0.0665i
0.2240 0.0624i
0.3109 +
0.0000i
Dept. of EEE
-1.0729 +

2.583
5
2.391
6
2.055
8
1.436
4
0.003

0.051
2
0.215
5
0.494
4
0.743
7
8.532

0.521
9
0.479
8
0.398
5
0.302
3
20

Application of ANN Technique for Incorporating FACTS Device and DG under

Contingency Condition

References:

[1] Denis Hau Aik Lee, Voltage Stability Assessment Using Equivalent
Nodal Analysis, IEEE Trans. Power Syst., vol. 31, no 1, pp. 454 463,
Jan. 2016.
[2] P. Kundur et al., Voltage stability evaluation using modal analysis,
IEEE Trans. Power Syst., vol. 7, no. 4, pp. 15291542, Nov. 1992.
[3] N. Flatabo et al., Voltage stability condition in a power system
calculated by sensitivity methods, IEEE Trans. Power Syst., vol. 5, no.
4, pp. 12861293, Nov. 1990.
[4] A. Tiranuchit et al., A posturing strategy against voltage stabilities in
electric power systems, IEEE Trans. Power Syst., vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 87
93, Feb. 1986.
[5] N. Yorino et al., A Method of Voltage Stability Evaluation for Branch
and Generator Outage Contingencies, IEEE Transactions on Power
Systems, VOL. 19, NO. 1, February,2004.
1/5/17
[6] Arya

Dept. of EEE Stability Analysis Using

21
Vishnu Ram T et al., Voltage
L-index
[Contd]

Application of ANN Technique for Incorporating FACTS Device and DG under

Contingency Condition

Reference [Contd]

[7] P. Kessel et al., Estimating the Voltage Stability of a Power System

IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, Vol. PWRD-1, No. 3, July 1986.
[8] P. Kundur et al., Practical considerations in voltage stability
assessment, Int. J. Elect. Power Energy Syst.Special Issue on
Voltage Stability and Collapse, vol. 15, no. 4, pp. 205215, 1993.
[9] P.Rajalakshmi, A Comparison of Transmission Line Voltage Stability
Indices, International Conference on Advances in Electrical,
Electronics, Information, Communication, 2016.
[10] Tomasz Okon et al., Properties of Indicesfor Voltage Stability
Assessment, the 8th International symposium on advanced topics in
electrical engineeringmay 23-25, 2013.
[11] Z. J. Lim et al., Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Voltage Stability
Indices on Different Loadings, IEEE Conference, 2012.
[12] I. Musirin and T. K. A. Rahman, On-line voltage stability based
contingency ranking using fast voltage stability index, in Proc. IEEE
PES Transmission and Distribution
Oct.22
1/5/17
Dept. ofConf.
EEE Exhib. 2002: Asia-Pacific,
[Contd]

Application of ANN Technique for Incorporating FACTS Device and DG under

Contingency Condition

eference [Contd]

[13] Prashant Kumar, Application of Fact Devices for Voltage Stability in a

Power System, IEEE Sponsored 9th International Conference on
Intelligent Systems and Control (ISCO)20I5.
[14] Carlos F. Sabilln et al., Optimal Location of FACTS Devices for
Generation Costs Reduction and Stability Enhancement,
IEEE
Conference, 2014.
[15] Manisha Rani, Steady State Voltage Stability Enhancement of Power
System Using Facts Devices, IEEE Conference, 2014.
[16] Alok Kumar Mohanty, Power System Stability Improvement Using
FACTS Devices, International Journal, Vol.1, Issue.2, pp-666-672.
[17] Shishir Dixit, An Overview of Placement of TCSC For Enhancement of
Power System Stability, International Conference on Computational
Intelligence and Communication Networks, 2014.
[18] W. El-Khatam et al., Distributed generation technologies, definitions
and benefits, Electric Power Systems Research, 2004.
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Application of ANN Technique for Incorporating FACTS Device and DG under

Contingency Condition

Reference [Contd]

[19] J. H. Angelim et al., Impact of distributed generation technology and

location on power system voltage stability, IEEE Transactions, VOL.
14, NO. 4, APRIL 2016.
[20] Geethika Nannapaneni,. A Comprehensive Analysis of Voltage
Stability Indices in the Presence of Distributed Generation, IEEE
Conference, 2015.
[21] G. Balmurugan, ANN based Online Estimation of Voltage Collapse
Proximity Indicator, International Journal of Engineering Science and
Technology, Vol. 2(7), 2010, 2869-2875.
[22] V. Balamourougan et al., Technique for online prediction of voltage
collapse, IEE Proc.-Gener. Transm. Distrib., Vol. 151, No. 4, July 2004.
[23 P. Kundur et al., Power System Stability and Control, McGraw-Hill
Education, Jan. 1994.
[24] Narain G. Hingorani,Laszlo Gyugyi, Understanding FACTS:Concepts
and Technology of Flexible AC Transmission Systems, Wiley
publications, 2000.
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THANK
YOU
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Dept. of EEE

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