How patients are

managed in hospitals
Lecture_3

January 7, 2017

LEVEL (3) - LECTURE (3)

Overview of health
care system

Heath care system :

The health care system is a

structure in which people and
resources are grouped together in
subsystems for the purpose of
delivering all types of health
services

Heath services :

The health services performed by

individuals or institutions for the
purpose of maintaining or
restoring health
Health services includes

Treatment programs
Education programs
Preventive programs
4

Levels of Health Care

Self care
primary
level

secondar
y level
tertiar
y level
5

Self care :

health needs are met by patients

in their own home setting

Primary health care :

the first contact that a patient has with

health care personnel to diagnose or treat
his compliant

usually involving coordination of

care and continuity over time

General practitioners
nurses practitioner (UK)
Family doctors
Community pharmacists
Telephone advice line

What is the pharmacist role as a primary

health care provider?
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Secondary heath care :

referral to hospital or specialist setting

Secondary level care services include:
Elective and emergency major surgery
Diagnosis and treatment of more complex
medical disorders
Short term psychiatric care
Preventive and educational services.
Pharmacist have greatly expanded therapeutic
responsibilities that will bring him to the bedside,
into the clinic, and into the health care team.
What is the pharmacist role as a secondary heath
care provider?
8

Tertiary heath care :

focuses on the experimental, the

unique, & the complex medical
problems
Tertiary centers include:
Neurosurgery
Organ transplantation
Cancer treatments

3ry heath centers like Large medical

centers and University hospitals
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Professional Levels of
Health Care

Apex
Hub
Base

3r
y
2r
y
1ry

Most sophisticated
Least number of clients
Widest
Largest number of
clients
Simplest
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Health care
subsystems :
The performance of the health care
system relates and interfaces the
professional and administrative
activities performed by the various
subgroups

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Health Care Subsystems

hospital

pharmac
y

nursing
homes

Primary
care
centers

nurse
service

mental
paramedical
health
therapists
institutions
services

Home
healt
h care
12

The hospital :

Hospitals are major providers of

health services.
Hospital is the hub or center of the
health care system located in the
2ry level of health care, where it
backs up 1ry health care and in turn
is dependent upon the investigation
and research generated by the 3ry
level of health care.
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Definitions :

Emergency department
Inpatient
Life-threatening
Outpatient
Ambulatory care Activity of daily life (ADL)
Health professional
Operating room

Office-based surgery Health care provider

Multidisciplinary team
Clinics
Health care team
Urgent care
Long-term care
Palliative care
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Hospitals are classified in

:many ways
private

By
ownershi
:p

general

specialt
y

governmental

By teaching
:affiliation

By size
(bed
capacity)

teachin
g

teaching
affiliated
non teaching

By the type
of care
:provided

chronic
15
acute

By the type of care

provided
chronic

acute

Long stay ( 30
Short stay
days )
.e.g
&psychiatric
rehabilitation hospitals
primar seconda tertiary
y
ry

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The pharmacy :

Pharmacy service is synonymous with

the drug component of health care. It
is inserted into the health care system
at the various levels.
hospital pharmacy is about ensuring
that medicines are available and are
used safely and effectively by patients
and professionals both within the
environs of a hospital and beyond
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Places of pharmacy
practice
Community
pharmacies

Institutional
pharmacies

Nursing
homes

Hospital
pharmacy
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Nursing home :

They are facilities or units that

are planned, staffed and
equipped to accommodate
individuals who do not require
hospital care but who are in need
of nursing care and related health
and social services.
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Primary health care

centers :

A subset of ambulatory care that provides

patients with an initial point of contact with
the medical system
Patient present with a wide range if illness or
multiple disease
Primary care physician assumes a coordinating
role for a patient overall health (inpatient,
long-term, subspecialty, mental heath,)
Primary care physician continue to provide
chronic and preventive care and coordinate
overall care (continuity of care)
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Pharmacy services in
PHC

As members of multidisciplinary team.

Assist with design therapeutic regimen
Identifying untreated condition
Design long-term follow-up & monitoring
Medication counseling
Drug education, information and consultation with
physician
Pharmacist-managed specialty clinic
Anticoagulant
DM
HTN
hyperlipedeamia

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Home care :

The provision of health-related products or

services to a patients in his or her place of
residence
Include a wide array of product or services
provided by a variety professionals and
paraprofessional such as nurse, pharmacist,
pharmacy technician, social worker, speech
therapist, physical therapist,
What is the pharmacist role in home care?
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Healthcare System in
Saudi Arabia

23

introduction

Health care system in KSA classified

as a national health care system in
which the government provides health
care services through a number of
government agencies.
There is a growing role and increased
participation from the private sector
in the provision of health care
services.
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Healthcare
delivery
System in
KSA

Government

Private sector

others

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Healthcare Providers
1.

Ministry of Health (MOH) :

Major government body providing:

Preventive health care

Curative and health care
Rehabilitative health care

Health care is provided through:

Primary health care centers (PHC) around 1930

centers

referral system which provides curative care for

all members of society from the level of general
practitioners at health centers to advanced
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technology specialist curative services through
a broad base of general and specialist hospitals

Healthcare Providers
MOH is also responsible for:
Management, Planning, Financing and
Regulating the health care sector
Supervision and follow-up of private sector

Therefore, the MOH can be viewed as a

national health service (NHS) for the
entire population.
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Healthcare Providers
2.

the private sector provides

health services through its
health facilities including
hospitals, dispensaries,
laboratories, pharmacies and
physiotherapy centers
throughout the kingdom.
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Healthcare Providers
3.

others
Ministry of Defense and Aviation (MODA)
Ministry of Interior (MOI)
Saudi Arabian National Guard (SANG)
Other agencies (limited services)

Ministry of education
Ministry of labour and Social Affairs
General Organization for Social Insurance
General Presidency of Youth Welfare
The Royal Commission for Jubail and Yanbu
Saudi Arabian Airlines
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Kingdoms universities