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BASIC THERMODYNAMICS
CONCEPTS
Definitions of Thermodynamics
OUTLINE
Basic Applications of Thermodynamics
System, Boundary and Surrounding
Control Volume and Control Mass
Properties, Intensive and Extensive Properties
Equilibrium
State, Path, Process and Cycle
Temperature
WHAT IS THERMODYNAMICS?
Thermodynamics
Greek words
therme
(heat)
dynamis
(power)
heat
heat
DIMENSIONS
& UNITS
English
light
system
Electric
L ofcurrent
(A)
Amount
L of light
(c)
International
light
system (SI)
Amount of matter
(mol)
Primary/
fundament
light
al
dimension
s
Temperature
light (K)
Length
light(m)
Mass
(kg)
light
Time
light(s)
Secondary/
derived
light
dimensions
Velocity
light(m/s)
Energy
light
(kg.m2/s2)
Volume
light(m3)
Standard prefixes in SI
units
Forcelight
(kg.m/s2)
Primary dimensions
and their units in SI
Mass,
lightm
m nM
Mass
light
No. of
moles
Molecular
weight
Totallight
volume,
V
No. of
moles,
light
n
No. of
moles
Represent the
light
size
of a
system
Mass
m
n light
M
Molecular
weight
Specific
volume:
V
Molar volume:
or
V vm
V
n
or
V vn
10
W weight
m mass
g gravitational
acceleration
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Dimensional homogeneity
All equations must be dimensionally homogeneous.
Unity Conversion
Ratios
All nonprimary units (secondary units) can be
formed by combinations of primary units.
Force units, for example, can be expressed as
Closed system
Closed system
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PROPERTIES OF A SYSTEM
Property: Any characteristic of a system
or any quantity that describes a system.
Some familiar properties are pressure P,
temperature T, volume V, and mass m.
Properties are considered to be either
intensive or extensive.
Intensive properties: Those that are
independent of the mass or size of a
system, such as temperature, pressure,
and density.
Extensive properties: Those whose
values depend on the size or extent of
the system.
Specific properties: Extensive
properties per unit mass.
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Specific volume
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20
21
22
23
v
Process path A
Process path B
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Temperature Scales
Celsius scale
scale (E)
At low P, T is
proportional to
P at constant V:
T = a + bP
Comparison of
temperature
scales.
Comparison of
magnitudes of
various
temperature
units.
The reference temperature in the original Kelvin scale was the ice point,
273.15 K, which is the temperature at which water freezes (or ice melts).
The reference point was changed to a much more precisely reproducible
point, the triple point of water (the state at which all three phases of water
coexist in equilibrium), which is assigned the value 273.16 K. 29
Solution:
T(K) = T(C) = 10 K
T(R) = 1.8 T(K) = (1.8) (10) = 18 R
T(F) = T(R) = 18 F
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PRESSURE
Gas or liquid
pressure
Solid normal stress
70 kgf
140 kgf
Afeet=280cm2
0.25 kgf/cm2
0.50 kgf/cm2
P=70/280=0.25 kgf/cm2
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PROBLEM-SOLVING TECHNIQUE
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END
THANK YOU..
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