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Structure of
the Atom:
Electron
Configuratio
n
7-1
Rxn with
O2, CO2
Such
as
Density,
MP, BP,
polarity
Chemic
al
Proper
ty
Such
as
Physic
al
prope
rty
Solid
Can be
describe
d by
KMT
Can be converted
through melting
into
Liqui
Candbe converted
through evaporation
into
Gas
Can
Can be
undergo
characteriz changes
ed by
such as
MATT
ER
Can be
in
different
states
such as
Can be
classifie
d into
Chemi
cal
Chang
e
Such
Physic
al
Chang
e
as
Formation
of H2O,
H2, O2
Suc
h
Filtration,
diffusion
as
eleme
nts
Can combine
chemically into
compou
nds
mixture
Can
combine
physically
into
7-5
7-7
Introductory Experiment
Animation: fireworks
7-8
Orbital Diagrams
Orbital diagrams
Show the sublevels and orbitals that can exist
at each principal energy level.
Each box represents an orbital.
Groups of boxes represent sublevels.
Figure 7.17
7-9
7-10
7-11
7-12
Orbital Diagrams
Electron
s are
represen
ted by
up and
down
arrows.
7-14
Orbital Diagrams
Electrons occupy the lowest-energy
orbitals first (aufbau principle).
No more than two electrons occupy
each orbital (Pauli exclusion principle).
7-16
7-17
7-18
7-20
Electron Configurations
Shorthand notation which shows the
distribution of electrons among sublevels
7-21
Electron Configurations
Electron
configurations:
Allow us to
represent the
arrangement of
the electrons in
an atom.
7-22
Electron Configuration
7-23
Electron
Configurations
For
elements in
periods 1
and 2:
Figure 7.19
7-24
Problem
Use an orbital diagram
to write the electron
configuration for
silicon:
Figure 7.18
7-25
1s22s1
1s22s22p63s1
1s22s22p63s23p64s1
1s22s22p63s23p64s23d104p65s1
7-28
1s22s22p5
1s22s22p63s23p5
1s22s22p63s23p64s23d104p5
7-29
1s22s22p6
1s22s22p63s23p6
1s22s22p63s23p64s23d104p6
7-30
Conclusion
Electron configuration
and
periodic table placement?
7-31
Figure 7.20
7-33
7-35
7-36
Figure
7.21
7-37
7-38
1s 2s 2p 3s 3p
2
7-39
Figure
7.22
7-40
1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 4s
5
3d
2
2 Orbital Diagram:
6
2
Carbon
7-41
Worksheet #2-1
Electron Configuration I:
Draw the electron configuration
(long form) of the following
elements just by looking at the
periodic table.
Na
S Eu
Ba
F
Ga
Ar
Sn
Pb
Mo
U
7-42
Fe 1s22s22p63s23p64s23d6
Ar 1s22s22p63s23p6
We use the symbol [Ar] to represent argons electron
configuration:
Fe [Ar] 4s23d6
7-43
7-44
7-45
Figure 7.23
7-46
Worksheet #2- 2
Electron Configuration II:
Draw the electron configuration
(condensed form) of the following
elements just by looking at the
periodic table.
Na
S
Eu
Ba
F
Ga
Ar
Sn
Pb
Mo
U
1s22s22p63s23p64s23d104p5
7-49
Ca
1s22s22p63s23p64s2
Calcium has 2 valence electrons (4s).
7-50
F
Li
Na
C
Si
Pb
7
1
1
4
4
4
7-51
Conclusion
Electronic configuration?
Valence electron?
Family Number?
7-52
Conclusion
The valence electrons of family A
elements are the same as the
family number. They can be seen in
the outer most energy levels in the
electron configuration of the
element.
The same is not true for family B
elements.
7-54
with Ne.
1s22s22p6
7-55
with Ar.
1s22s22p63s23p6
7-56
Worksheet #2-3
Electron Configuration of Ions:
Write the electron configuration in condensed notation of the following
ions.
Ion
BrN3K+
Sr2+
S2P3Ni2+
Al3+
Fe2+
Fe3+
Electron
Electron
Isoelectron
configuration
configuration of
ic with
(condensed form) of
the ion
the neutral atom
(condensed form)
7-57
Conclusion
7-58
Conclusion
Family A atoms form ions so as to
have the same electron
configuration as a noble gas
element.
The charges of the ions formed can
be determined from the family
number of the element.
Conclusion
Quantum Numbers
Each electron has its own set of four
quantum numbers.
These quantum numbers describe the
location and the shape of the
electrons orbital.
Quantum Numbers
Quantum Numbers and Atomic
Orbitals
An atomic orbital is specified by four
quantum numbers.
n the principal quantum number - a positive
integer
Quantum Numbers
Summary of Quantum Numbers of Electrons in
Atoms
Name
principal
Symbo
l
n
Permitted
Property
Values
positive integers(1,2,3, orbital energy (size)
)
integers from 0 to n-1 orbital shape ( l = 0,
1, 2, and 3 correspond
to s, p, d, and f orbitals,
respectively.)
angular
momentu
m
magnetic
ml
spin
ms
+1/2 or -1/2
direction of e- spin
7-63
Quantum Numbers
Table 7.2 The Hierarchy of Quantum Numbers for Atomic
Orbitals
Name,
Symbol
Allowed
Quantum
(Property)
Values
Numbers
Principal, n
Positive
(size, energy) integer
(1, 2, 3, ...)
Angular
momentum, l
0 to n-1
(shape)
Magnetic, ml
-l,,0,,
(orientation) +l
0
-1 0 +1
-1 0 +1
-2
-1
0 +1 +2
Quantum Numbers
Where can you find Donna?
Donna lives in a dorm in a condominium unit. In
the dorm floor, there are male and female
sections per floor. Per room, there are two beds
only: one near the window, one not. If she is
asked, where EXACTLY she lives/sleeps, how
would she answer?
Prince David Condominium in Katipunan Ave
At the 3rd floor
Female section
Room 314
Bed near window
7-65
Quantum Numbers
Where can you find the electron?
The quantum mechanical model
uses a certain way to describe an
orbital. You can say you are asking
the question, Where does my
electron live/reside?
We use three quantum numbers to describe an
orbital. We add a fourth to pinpoint the
electron in that orbital
3.
4.
1.
2.
7-66
Quantum Numbers
Prince David Condominium
in Katipunan Ave
At the 3rd floor
Female section
Room 314
7-67
Sample Problem
What are the quantum numbers of a 1s1
electron?
Answer:
n=1
l=0
ml = 0
ms = -1/2
Sample Problem
What are the quantum numbers of a 3p2
electron?
Answer:
n=3
l=1
ml = 0
ms = -1/2
Sample Problem
What are the quantum numbers of a 5d7
electron?
Answer:
n=5
l=2
ml = -1
ms = + 1/2
Worksheet #2-4
Electron Quantum Numbers:
Write the quantum numbers of the following electrons.
electrons
ml
ms
2s1
3p5
3d3
4d7
4f4
7-71
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Long form
Condensed form
Ions, iso-electronic, family A and B element
Family Number/Period Number
Valence electrons
Quantum numbers
Points to Ponder..
Is there a proton configuration or a
neutron configuration? Why or why
not?
How do scientists synthesize new
elements?
What are the newest four elements
added to the periodic table?
Is there a limit to the number of
elements that scientists can
synthesize?