DESIGN OF PRESTRESSED

CONCRETE SECTIONS FOR FLEXURE

DESIGN PARAMETERS UNDER FLEXURE ARE
SECTION MODULUS (Z)
ECCENTRICITY (e)
PRESTRESSING FORCE (P)

To solve the above three parameters, FOUR

STRESS RELATIONSHIPS can be formed using TWO
CRITICAL COMBINATIONS of STRESS TRANSFER i.e.
(i)At the Time of Transfer of Prestress (ii) At the
Time of Working Load.
The FOUR Stress relationships can be written using
TOP and BOTTOM stresses of the beam subjected
to Prestressing Force (P), Working Load (dead load
and live load)

STRESSES IN PSC BEAMS

AT TRANFER

AT WORKING LOAD

ON SOLVING 1 & 3 i.e.(3-1)

RANGE OF TOP
STRESS

On Solving 2 & 4 i.e. (2-4)

RANGE OF BOTTOM
STRESS

SECTION MODULI (Z)

PRESTRESSING FORCE (P) & ECCENTRICITY (e)

AT THE TRANSFER OF PRESTRESS

PERMISSIBLE COMPRESSIVE STRESS

IN FLECURE AT TRANSFER

PERMISSIBLE COMPRESSIVE
STRESS IN FLECURE AT TRANSFER

AT WORKING LOAD

PERMISSIBLE COMPRESSIVE STRESS IN FLEXURE DUE TO FINAL PRESTRESS

LIMITATION OF PRESTRESS FORCE IN

LONG SPANS

In Long spans Self-Weight

moments are larger than the
applied moments causes larger
eccentricities .

CHECK THE SECTION

MODULUS

LIMITING ZONE FOR PRESTRESSING

FORCE-Equation (1)

LIMITING ZONE FOR PRESTRESSING

FORCE-Equation (2)

LIMITING ZONE FOR PRESTRESSING

FORCE-Equation (3)

LIMITING ZONE FOR PRESTRESSING

FORCE-Equation (4)

ECCENTRICITIES (e)

LIMITING ZONE OF PRESTRESSING

FORCE

+ ECCENTRICITIES(e) ARE DRAWN BELOW THE

CENTROID
- ECCENTRICITIES(e) ARE DRAWN ABOVE THE
CENTROID

LOAD - DEFLECTION CURVE

TEST 2 PORTIONS
Losses of Prestress
Short Term Deflections of Prestressed
Concrete beams for Cracked sections
Long Term Deflections of Prestressed Concrete
beams for Uncracked and Cracked Sections
Design of Prestressed concrete members for
flexure
Limiting Moment of Resistance of Prestressed
Concrete beams (both Rectangular and TSection) as per IS:1343

THEORY QUESTIONS
1. List out the various types of losses of Prestress?
2. What are the factors influencing the loss of stress due to creep of
concrete?
3. What is relaxation of stress in steel? How it is accounted?
4. How do you find the short term deflections of cracked prestressed
concrete members?
5. How do you find the long term deflections of Uncracked
prestressed concrete members?
6. What are different types of flexural failure modes observed in
prestressed concrete beams?
7. Explain the stress conditions for the design of Prestressed concrete
beams?
8. Explain the significance of minimum prestressing force and the
corresponding maximum eccentricity in the design of prestressed
concrete beams?

MOMENT OF RESISTANCE OF
RECTANGULAR SECTION (Or) T-SECTION

STRESS BLOCK FOR RECTANGULAR

SECTION

FROM THE IS CODE

Flexural design of beams are limited to under-reinforced

sections based on the effective reinforcement ratio.
The maximum ultimate moment of resistance of a
rectangular section as per the code is given by

In the case of flanged sections the ultimate moment of

resistance varies from

The dimensions arrived based on the above expression

gives minimum dimension. It is preferable to use a larger
section so that to minimize the cost of the prestressing
tendons.

SEE PRE-TENSIONED
COLUMN

AS PER IS-1343-2012

STATE OF
STRESS

SHEAR RESISTANCE
OF PSC

BENDING SHEAR STRESS

SHEAR STRESS

PRINCIPAL STRESSES IN PSC

PRESTRESSING WOODEN BLOKCS-FORMING A BEAM

PRESTRESSING PILE OF WOODEN

BLOCKS-FORMING COLUMN

CENTRALLY POST-TENSIONED
COLUMNS

Shear Resistance
There are THREE ways to improve the
shear resistance of STURUCTURAL
CONCRETE members by prestressing
technique.

PROBLEM NO.1

Problem no.1..

Problem No.1.

PROBLEM NO.2

PROBLEM NO.2

PROBLEM NO.2

PROBLEM NO.3

PROBLEM NO.4

PROBLEM NO.4

Modes of
Failure in
Prestressed
Beam
71

FlexureCompression (FC):
Flexure compression failures are the result of having a
beam with higher shear strength than flexural strength.
Failure occurs at the point of maximum flexural stress
where the compressive strain exceeds its capacity.

72

Flexure-Shear Failure
A flexure-shear failure, is the result of a crack which begins as a
flexural crack, but as shear increases, the crack begins to turn
over and incline towards the loading point. Failure finally occurs
when the concrete separates and the two planes of concrete
slide past one another. This mode of failure is common in beams
which do not contain web reinforcement.

73

Shear-Compression Failure
Shear compression failures, shown in Figure, typically occur in beams which contain
adequate web reinforcement. In this mode, the crack propagates through the section
until it begins to penetrate the compression zone. This crack causes a redistribution
of compressive forces in the compression zone onto a smaller area. When the
compressive strength is exceeded, a shear compression failure occurs. This type of
failure is common in deep beams, where arch action is prevalent. The compressive
strut caused by arch action prevents a diagonal tension crack from propagating into
the compression zone.

74

Web-shear Failure
Before a section cracks from flexure, it is possible to exceed the
tensile strength of the concrete at the point of maximum shear
stress. This mode is primarily observed in sections with thin webs.
Failure occurs at the location of peak shear stress, as shown in
Figure. While, the mechanics of this failure are identical to flexureshear, failure is brittle and occurs with little or no warning.

75

Factors Influencing
Shear Strength
Axial Force: Shear failures are commonly due to tensile failure of the concrete.
Axial compression can delay the onset of critical tension in the section, axial
tension can hasten the failure. Compression, such as provided by an axial force
or prestressing tendons, provides an increase in shear strength.
Tensile Strength of Concrete: As the tensile strength of the concrete is
increased, there is a corresponding increase in the shear strength of the
section.
Longitudinal Reinforcement Ratio: Low amount of steel may result in wider
flexural cracks, resulting in reduced dowel action and aggregate interlock.
Shear Span-to-Depth Ratio: High values of require a larger compression
zone, raising the amount of shear which can be transferred by the uncracked
concrete shear transfer mechanism, thus increasing shear strength

76

Shear Carrying of Concrete &

Tendon on Different Tendon Profile

77

Some Important Notes about

Shear in Prestressed Concrete
Prestressed beam never fail under direct shear or punching shear. They
fail as a result of tensile stress produced by shear.
In some rare instance the transverse component of prestress increases the
shear in concrete.
By following load balancing approach, it is theoretically possible to design
a beam with no shear in concrete under a given condition of loading.

78

Development of Shear Cracking

79

TYPES OF SHEAR CRACKS

SHEAR DESIGN AS PER IS 13432012

ULTIMATE SHEAR RESISTANCE OF

CONCRETE -VC

VCO = Shear Force of Un-cracked

Section

Vcr = SHEAR FORCE OF CRACKED

SECTION

When V <Vc

When V<0.5Vc

When V >Vc

SPACING OF STIRRUPS

MAXIMUM SHEAR FORCES

SHEAR DESIGN-Problem-1

Shear Design-Problem No.2

TORSION

FAILURE UNDER FLEXURE,SHEAR

AND TORSION

CONDITIO
N

DESIGN