Noun Clause

I heard his story

O
I heard what he said to me
Her house is far from here
S
where she lives is far from here.
She likes the man
C
She likes whoever praises her

 I heard the news

I heard what he said
I heard that she is moving to another
town
It is amazing
What I learn is amazing
That I could learn English is amazing

Adj. Cl. & Noun Cl.

The fact that she was ashamed to
admit made her parents sad
(the fact ... which she was ashamed ....)

The fact that she was dropped out

made her parents sad.
(the fact ... is that....)

1. Who is that man? I want to know .

I want to know who that man is
2. Will she come? I wonder ..
I wonder whether she will come.
3. Where did you leave the book?
.is mysterious
Where he left the book is mysterious.
4. How did life begin? Nobody knows.
Nobody knows how life began

Change the underlined N/NP to Noun

clause
1. What is amazing?
that winning the contest is amazing
2. I will not forgive him
I will not forgive whoever broke my
hearth
3. The fact is obvious
that we need to learn English is obvious
4. Nobody knows his secret.
Nobody knows that he kills for living

Correct or incorrect! Correct the incorrect

ones!
We need to know what is the man hiding for.
Do you believe that some people can be
very arrogant?
She gives gift to whoever need the gift.
What do I care has nothing to do with you.
Do these people understand what do you
talking about?
That man is crazy is obvious.
That we need to prepare better for the
future is the highline of today lecture.

Adjective clause or Noun clause

I need to know where we should meet
I feel sad for the place where we used to meet
is being demolished
The fact that she hid from everyone was
horrible
I dont understand that the man she is falling in
love with can hurt her like that.
I dont understand why he hurts her like that
That she needs to be independent is important.
I am not quite certain if she needs this
The fact that the mount erupted shocked
everyone

Adverb clause

Of time

(note the tense!) --- after,

before, when, while, as by the time, since,
until, as soon as, once, as long as,
whenever,
first time
After she the
graduates,
she will get a job

I had left before he came

When I arrived, he was talking on the phone
Once it stop raining, we will leave
Whenever I see her, I say hello
We stayed there until we finished our work
I will never speak to him again as long as I
live

Cause and effect

--- because, since,

now that, as, as long as, inasmuch as, due
to, because of, therefore, so, so . that,
such
that,she was sleepy, she went to bed
Because
He didnt go to the concert, since hes not
interested in music
Now that I can drive, I can take my sons to
school
As long as you are not busy, could you help
me with this work?
Inasmuch as her application arrived after
the deadline, she was not called for the
interview

 Because of her laziness, she never gets

enough time to finish the project
He didnt go to the concert, due to the
bad weather
Ahmad did not study. He, therefore,
failed the test
Ahmad did not study, so he failed the test
The weather was so nice that we went
to the zoo
It was such a nice weather that we
went to the zoo

Purpose

--- so, so that, in order to

I turned off the TV, so my roommate

could study
I turned off the TV so that my
roommate could study
I turned off the TV in order to enable
my roommate to study

Contrast

--- although, even though,

though, despite, in spite of, whereas, while
Although it was cold, I went swimming
I went swimming despite the cold weather.
I went swimming in spite of the cold
weather
Whereas John is rich, his brother is poor
Mila is really beautiful, while her sister is not
so.

Condition

--- if, whether (or not), even

if, in case, unless, only if, providing (that),
provided (that)
If Anne studies hard, she will pass the exam
Even if John studies hard, he wont pass the
exam
Ill go swimming tomorrow unless it rains
Whether you agree on not, we will continue
the plan
I bring umbrella lately in case it rains
The discussion will be continued providing
that no one asks any questions

Adverb phrase
While I was sitting in the class, I fell asleep
Sitting in the class, I fell asleep
Since Mary came to this country, she has
made many friends
Since coming to this country, Mary has
made many friends
He goes to bed after he finishes his
homework.
He goes to bed after finishing his homework

Complete the following. Note the

Last night I went to bed after my homework
tense!

Last night I went to bed after I had finished my

homework

By the time I leave this city, I .here for four

years
By the time I leave this city, I will have been here for four
years

I have known Bertie, since he .. ten years old

I have known Bertie, since he was ten years old

I had fried chicken the last time I .. at

that restaurant
I had fried chicken the last time I ate at that
restaurant

Complete the following. Note the

A black cat ran across the street as I ..
tense!
my car this morning.

A black cat ran across the street as I was driving my

car this morning

Ever since I was I child, I afraid of

dogs
Ever since I was I child, I have been afraid of dogs

Whenever Mark ..... angry, his nose gets red

Whenever Mark is angry, his nose gets red

By the time he .., we had already left

By the time he arrived, we had already left

Combine the sentences!

I got to the airport at 8.15. My plane left ten

minutes later
I got to the airport just before my plane left

The taxi will get here in five minutes. Then we

can leave for the airport

As soon as the taxi gets here, we can leave for the airport

Do you want to take a walk? The rain has

stopped
Now that the rain has stopped, do you want to take a
walk?

I am going to leave the party early. I want to be

able to get a good nights sleep tonight.
I am going to leave the party early so I can get a good
night sleep tonight

Combine the sentences!

Please be quiet! I want to be able to hear

what he is saying
Please be quite so that I can hear what he is saying

It was an expensive car. We couldnt afford

to buy it

It was such an expensive car that we couldnt afford

to buy it

Florida has a warm climate. Alaska has a

cold climate
Florida has a warm climate, whereas Alaska has a
cold climate

I like living in the dormitory. It is noisy

I like living in the dorm although it is noisy

Combine the sentences!

Joe speaks Spanish well. He lived in Mexico

for years
Joe speaks Spanish well because he lived in Mexico
for years

I couldnt understand her. She spoke too fast

She spoke so fast that I couldnt understand her

I will go to the beach tomorrow. I wont go if

it rains
I will go to the beach tomorrow unless it rains

Too many people came to the meeting.

There were not enough seats for everyone

So many people came to the meeting that there were

not enough seats for everyone

Make adverb phrase!

Before I talked to you, I had never understood

that formula
Before talking to you, I had never understood that
formula

Because he didnt want to hurt her feelings, he

didnt tell her the bad news
Not wanting to hurt her feelings, he didnt tell her the
bad news

The children had nothing to do. They were bored

Having nothing to do, the children were bored

I was reading the paper last night. I saw an

article on solar energy
While reading on the paper last night, I saw an article on
solar energy

Continue the sentences!

We will go with the plans unless...........

He is determined to marry her even if..........
They failed the exam despite..............
The boy was sent home again due to...........
I can drive to work now that.......
My mom gave me extra money in case......
We will continue the plan whether........
She will come on time as long as......

good luck for the exams

PASSIVE SENTENCE

be + V3
No change in the tense
Has object
Exception for : happen, occur, seem (it
has passive meaning)

PASSIVE SENTENCE
I cook the soup the soup is cooked
I cooked the soup the soup was cooked
I am cooking the soup the soup is
being cooked
I was cooking the soup the soup was
being cooked
I have cooked the soup the soup has
been cooked

PASSIVE SENTENCE
I had cooked the soup the soup had
been cooked
I will cook the soup the soup will be
cooked
I am going to cook the soup the soup is
going to be cooked
I will have been cooking the soup the
soup will have been being cooked
I must cook the soup the soup must be
cooked

Change into passive if possible!

Bill will invite Ann to party
Ann will be invited to party

Two horses were pulling the farmers wagon

The farmers wagon was being pulled by two horses

A strange thing happened yesterday

Not possible

My son draws those pictures

Those pictures are drawn by my son

I have suggested a new idea

A new idea has been suggested

Change into passive if possible!

The cup fell to the floor
Not possible

Is Mr. Brown painting your house?

Is your house being painted by Mr. Brown?

Did Ms. Andrews make that pie?

Was that pie made by Ms. Andrews?

The children seemed happy when they went

to the zoo
Not possible

When is someone going to announce

the result of the contest?
When is the result of the contest going to be
announced?

Change into active!

Corn is grown in Iowa
People grow corn in Iowa

When was the radio invented?

When did someone invent the radio?

My purse was stolen

Someone stole my purse

The new highway will be completed next month

The workers will complete the new highway next month

Beetovens symphony was performed at the

concert last night
The musicians performed Beetovens symphony at the
concert last night