TOURIS

here has been a Global increase

n tourism in the last 60 years.
Why?
People have more disposable
income.
Companies give more paid
holidays than they used to.
Travel has become cheaper
(particularly air travel)
Holiday providers now use the
internet to sell their products to
people directly which also makes
them cheaper.

e areas are also becoming more pop

than they used to be.
Why
Improvements in transport (e.g. more
airports) have made it quicker and easier to
travel to places.
Countries in more unusual destinations
such as the middle east and Africa have got
better at marketing themselves as tourist
attractions. This means more people are
aware of them.
Many countries have invested in
infrastructure for tourism to make them
more attractive to visitors.

Cities, mountains and

coasts are all popular tourist areas
Popular
destinatio
ns include:
London
New
york
Paris
Rome

CITIES

Entertainmen
t (bars,
restaurants,
theatres)

Culture
e.g.
museums,
art
galleries

shoppi
ng

Snorkelling
Fishing

Beaches

COASTAL AREAS
Popular
destinations
include:
Spain
The
Caribbean

Swimmi
ng
Water skiing

skiing

scenery

Snow
boardin
g

MOUNTAIN AREAS
Popular
destinations
include:
Alps
Dolomites
Rockies

climbing

walking

Tourism is important to the

economies of many countries
Tourism creates jobs for local people.
It also increases the income of other
businesses that supply the tourism
industry.
Tourism is important to the economy of
both rich and poor countries e.g. tourism
in France generated 35 million euros In
2006 and 2 million jobs.
Poorer countries tend to be more
dependant on income from tourism than
richer ones.

Tourism makes a big contribution

to the UK economy
There were 32 million overseas visitors to
Britain in 2008.
The UK is popular with tourists because of its:
Countryside
Historic landmarks
Churches and cathedrals
Castles
London is particularly popular for its
museums, theatres and shopping.
London is the destination for half of all visitors
to the uk.
In 2007 tourism contributed 114 billion to the
economy and employed 1.4 million people.

Bad weather

ConflictWorld economy
Factors that affect the
number of visitors to the
UK

Terrorism
Major events
Exchange rate

urist area life cycle mod

UK Tourism-case
study
The lake district National park

Gets around 15 Million visitors per year

Tourists come to enjoy the scenery- for
example the large lakes and mountains

There are many activities available:

Pony trekking
Bird watching
Walking
Boat rides
Sailing
Rock climbing

There are also cultural attractions e.g. the

Beatrix potter and wordsworth museums.

Strategies are needed to cope with the impact of

tourists
Tourists cause traffic congestion, erode footpaths and
drop litter!
Coping with the extra traffic
Public transport in the area is being improved so people
leave their cars at home.
There are campaigns to encourage people to use the new
services.
Coping with the erosion of footpaths
Solutions include encouraging visitors to use less vulnerable
areas and instead changing the line of paths and using more
hard wearing material for paths.
Protecting wildlife and farmland
There are signs to remind visitors to take their litter home
and covered bins are provided at popular sites.
There have been campaigns to encourage visitors to enjoy
the countryside responsibly.

There are plans to make sure the Lake

district continues to attract tourists.
The official tourism strategy for Cumbria is to
attract an extra 2 million visitors by 2018.
Public transport will be improved to make it
more accessible.
There is to be widespread advertising.
Farms will be encouraged to provide services
such as quad biking, clay pigeon shooting
and archery alongside traditional farming.
Timeshare developments are to be increased.

Mass Tourism
Mass Tourism is organised tourism for
large numbers of people.
Mass tourism has both positive
and negative impacts!

Positive
Economic Impacts

Social Impacts

Environmental
impacts

Negative

Brings Money into local

economy.
Creates jobs for local
people.
Increases the income of
industries that supply
tourism e.g. Farming

A lot of the profit made

from tourism is kept by the
large travel companies
rather than going to the
local economy.

Lots of jobs means

young people are more
likely to stay in the
area.
Improved roads,
infrastructure and
communications benefit
local people.
Income from tourism
can be reinvested in
local community
projects

The tourism jobs available

to locals are often badly
paid and are seasonal.
Traffic congestion caused
by tourists can
inconvenience local
people.
The behaviour of some
tourists can offend locals.

Income from tourism

can be reinvested in
protecting the
environment.

Transporting lots of people

long distances releases
greenhouse gasses that
cause global warming.
Tourism can increase litter
and pollution.
Tourism can lead to the

There are ways to reduce the negative impacts of mass

tourism:
Improving Public transport encourages people to use it, which reduces traffic
congestion and pollution.
Limiting the number of people visiting sensitive environments.
Providing lots of bins helps reduce litter.

The importance of Tourism needs to be maintained

Areas that rely heavily on tourism need to make sure
tourists keep coming!
Here are a few ways they can do this:
BULID NEW FACILITIES
REDUCE TOURIST IMPACTS WHICH MAKE THE AREA LESS
ATTRACTIVE
ADVERTISE AND MARKET THE ARE TO ATTRACT NEW
TOURISTS
IMPROVE TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURE
OFFER NEW ACTIVITIES
MAKE IT CHEAPER TO VISIT.

Mass tourism case

study

Kenya

Kenya is in East Africa

It gets over 700 00 visitors per year.
There are a few reasons why people
visit
A fascinating tribal culture and lots of
wildlife including the big five ( Rhino,
lion, elephant, buffalo and leopard)
A warm Climate with sunshine all year
round
Beautiful scenery including savannah,
mountains, forests, beaches and coral
reefs.

Positive
Economic Impacts

Social Impacts

Environmental impacts

Negative

Tourism contributes
15% of the country's
gross national product.
In 2003 around 219 000
people worked in the
tourist industry.

Only 15% of the money

earned through tourism
goes to locals. The rest
goes to big companies

The culture and

customs of the native
maasai tribe are
preserved because
things like traditional
dancing are often
displayed for tourists.

Some Maasai tribes people

were forced off their land
to create national parks.
Some Muslim people in
Kenya are offended by the
way female tourists dress.

There are 23 national

parks In Kenya e.g.
Nairobi national park.
Tourists have to pay
money to get in. This
money is used to
maintain the national
parks which help
protect the

Safari vehicles have

destroyed vegetation and
caused soil erosion.
Wild animals have been
affected
Coral reefs have been
damaged.

Tourism in
extreme
Extreme environments
are
Environments
becoming popular with tourists
There are many reasons why tourists are
attracted to extreme environments:
They're ideal settings for adventure
holidays activities such as jeep tours,
river rafting and trekking.
Some people want something different
and more exciting to do on holiday.
A lot of people enjoy an element of risk.
Some wildlife can only be seen in these
areas.
Some scenery can only be seen in

There are also reasons why tourism is

increasing in extreme environments
Improvements of transport have made it
quicker and easier to get to some of
these destinations.
People are keen to see places like
Antarctica for themselves while they
have the chance.
Tourism to extreme environments is quite
expensive but people now have more
disposable income.
Adventure holidays are becoming more
popular because of TV programmes and
advertising.

Tourism in extreme environments

can be Damaging
The ecotourism's in extreme environments are usually
delicately balanced, because its so difficult to survive
in the harsh conditions there. The presence of tourists
can upset this fragile balance and cause serious
problems.
Here's an example of how tourism can damage
the environment in the Himalayas:
Trees are cut down to provide fuel for trekkers and
other tourists leading to deforestation.
Deforestation destroys habitats.
Deforestation means there are fewer trees to
intercept rain. Which can lead to flooding.
Tree roots normally hold the soil together so
deforestation also leads to soil erosion.
Tourists cause footpath erosion
Rivers become polluted by sewerage

Tourism in extreme
nvironments- Case study
The Antarctica is becoming more popular with Tourists
Antarctica is a continent at the earths South pole.
It covers an area of about 14 million km 2 and about 98% is
covered with ice.
The number of tourists visiting Antarctica each year is rising e.g.
there were 7413 in 1996/1997 season but 46000 in the
2007/2008 season.
Tourists are attracted by the scenery and wildlife.
Tourism has environmental impacts in Antarctica
Antarctica is cold and doesnt get much sunshine in winter so the
land ecosystems are very fragile- it takes a long time for them to
recover from damage. The sea ecosystem is delicately balanced,
this means that tourists can have a massive impact on the
environment there:
Tourists can trample plants, disturb wildlife and drop litter.
There are fears that tourists could introduce non-native species or
diseases that could wipe out existing species.
Spillage of fuel from ships is also a worry as fuel spills kill

Eco Tourism
Ecotourism is tourism that
doesnt harm the environment
and benefits the local people.
Ecotourism involves:
Conservation-protecting and managing the
environment.
Stewardship-taking responsibility for
conserving the environment.
Ideally conservation and stewardship should
involve local people and local organisations so
that local people benefit from tourists.
Ecotourism is usually a small scale activity,
with only small numbers of visitors going to an

cotourism Benefits the environment

economy and local people
Environmental
benefits

Economic
benefits

Benefits for local

people

Local people are

Ecotourism creates People have better
encouraged to
jobs for local
and more stable
conserve the
people (e.g. as
incomes in
environment rather
guides or in tourist
ecotourism than in
than use it for
lodges) which helps
other jobs e.g.
damaging
the local economy
farming
activities.
grow.
Many ecotourism
It reduces poaching Local people not
schemes fund
and hunting of
directly employed
community projects
endangered
in tourism can also
e.g. schools, water
species.
make money by
tanks and health
Ecotourism projects
selling local crafts
centres.
try to reduce the
to visitors or
use of fossil fuels.
supplying the
Waste that tourists
tourist industry
create is disposed
with goods.

Ecotourism helps the sustainable

development of areas
1. Sustainable development means improving the
quality of life for people but doing it in a way
that doesnt stop people in the future getting
what they need.
2. Ecotourism helps areas to develop by increasing
the quality of life for local people- the profits
from ecotourism can be used to build schools or
healthcare facilities.
3. The development is sustainable because its
done without damaging the environmentwithout ecotourism people may have to make a
living to improve their lives by doing something
that harms the environment e.g. cutting down
trees.