Magnetized ferrite

Ferrite properties
It is a non-reciprocal material
General anisotropic properties are induces by applying bias DC H 0

field
H0 produce magnetic dipole moments dipole moments precess
at w0~H0 frq.
H0 produce magnetization Ms wm~Ms
AC H << H0
B=HHy and Hz give rise to By and Bz, with 90 phase shift
between them

Why ferrite is applicable in

Microwave component design
A circularly polarized signalsame polarized

Interact strongly
with dipoles
direction to
moments
Opposite
precession
Interact less
polarized to
strongly with
precession
In a given direction of rotation:
dipoles moments
Polarization change with the direction of propagation good for circulator
and isolator design

H0 control matrix design control device: phase shifter, switches

tunable resonator, filters control them by H0

Precession is a change in the orientation of the rotational axis of a rotating body.

Change the direction/ sign of H0

Direction of bias reversed Ms and H0 change signs w0 and wm
change sign off diagonal elements change sign

If bias field suddenly removed (H0=0)ferrite remain magnetized

(0<|M|<Ms).

If demagnetizing ferrite (with decreasing bias filed) M=0

w0=wm=0 Isotropic =0

Bias in different direction:

mxz
1 mxx
0 myx
1 myy

0
0

1
0
0
0

0
0 , 0 0 1 myy
0 , H 0 zH
myz , H 0 xH

0
1
mzy
1 mzz

Arbitrary directed static biasing

field
In [1] FDTD for 3D formulation of magnetized ferrite is derived for the
case of arbitrary directed static biasing field.
The permeability tensor for a magnetized ferrite, where the static biasing
myz
0
1 mxx
field is along z axis is:

0 ( I m ) 0

mzy
0

1 myy
0

If we have an arbitrary directed static biasing field the susceptibility

R new
mR
tensor in mthe
system is
H H 0 z frame (
R is the operator for the rotation from the unprimed reference
H 0 H 0 sin cos
x H 0 sin sin x H 0 cos z
)to the primed reference
frame:
1

[1] J. Schuster and R. Luebbers, FDTD in a three dimensional propagation in a magnetized ferrite, IEEE APS, Vol. 3, Baltimore
MD, USA,1648-1651, 1996

Application and literature

review

Magnetized ferrites features

magnetic constitutive parameters can be controlled by a
dc magnetic field bias (H0).
It has low electric conductivity, therefore electromagnetic
wave can have a strong interaction with the material in
high frequencies [1]

[1] P. Queffelec, M. L. Floch, and P. Gelin, New method for determining the permeability tensor of
magnetized ferrites in a wide frequency range, IEEE MTT, Vol. 48, NO. 8, 1344-1351, 2000

Application

Circulators [1]* , Isolators [1]

Phase shifters[2]*(used to control the transmission phase angle)
Tunable filters[3]
Tunable antennas [4],[5]

[1] Ernst Schloemann, Advances in ferrite microwave materials and devices, J. of Magn. Magn. Mater., Vol. 209, 1520, 2000
[2] X. Yang, J. Wu, Y. Gao, T. Nan, Z. Zhou, S. Beguhn, M. Liu and N. X. Sun, Compact and low loss phase shifter with
low bias field using partially magnetized ferrite, IEEE Trans. Magn., Vol. 49, No. 7, 3882-3885, 2013
[3] C. Pettiford, S. Dasgupta, J. Lou, S. D. Yoon, and N. S. Sun, Bias field effects on the microwave frequency
behavior of a PZT/YIG magnetoelectric bilayer, IEEE Trans. Magn., Vol. 43, No. 7, 3343-3345, 2007
[4] G. M. Yang, X. Xing, A. Daigle, M. Liu O. Obi, S. Stoute, K. Naishadham, and N. X. Sun, Tunable miniaturized
patch antennas with self-biased multilayer magnetic films, IEEE Trans. Antenn. Propag., Vol. 57, No. 7, 2190-2193,
2009
[5] M. I. Sobhy, M. W. R. Ng, R. J. Langley and J. C. Batchelor, TLM formulation of microstrip patch antenna on
ferrite substrate , I. J. RF Microw. Computer-Aided Engineering, Vol. 11, No. 3, 131-139, 2001

Application

Transmission lines [6]

Delay lines
Switches
Variable attenuators
(* because magnetic constitutive parameters can be controlled by a
dc magnetic field bias [7])

[6] N. Dib and A. Omar, Dispersion analysis of multilayer cylindrical transmission lines containing magnetized
ferrite substrates, IEEE MTT, Vol. 50, No. 7, 1730-1736, 2002.
[7] J. A. Pereda, L. A. Vielva, M. A. Solano, A. Vegas and A. Prieto, FDTD analysis of magnetized ferrites:
application to the calculation of dispersion characteristics of ferrite loaded waveguides, IEEE MTT, Vol. 43, NO.
2, 350-357, 1995

Application of our AVM code

[1] Utilizing optimization techniques to determine the
permeability tensor elements of magnetized ferrite in a
wideband frequency range. They utilize numerical
optimization procedure to match the theoretical and
measured value of S parameter where S parameter is a
function of permeability tensor elements.

[1] P. Queffelec, M. L. Floch, and P. Gelin, New method for determining the permeability tensor of magnetized
ferrites in a wide frequency range, IEEE MTT, Vol. 48, NO. 8, 1344-1351, 2000

Numerical methods

FDTD formulation of Magnetized ferrites, Ferrite loaded WG, [1]

FDTD in cylindrical coordinate system [2]
3D FDTD [3]
FEM: FEM analysis of coplanar waveguide with ferrite magnetized in an
axial or transverse direction,[4]

[1] J. A. Pereda, L. A. Vielva, M. A. Solano, A. Vegas and A. Prieto, FDTD analysis of magnetized ferrites:
application to the calculation of dispersion characteristics of ferrite loaded waveguides, IEEE MTT, Vol. 43,
NO. 2, 350-357, 1995
[2] N. Dib and A. Omar, Dispersion analysis of multilayer cylindrical transmission lines containing magnetized
ferrite substrates, IEEE MTT, Vol. 50, No. 7, 1730-1736, 2002.
[3] J. Schuster and R. Luebbers, FDTD in a three dimensional propagation in a magnetized ferrite, IEEE APS,
Vol. 3, Baltimore, MD, USA,1648-1651, 1996
[4] L. Zhou and L. Davis, FEM analysis of coplanar waveguide with ferrite magnetized in an axial or
transverse direction, IEEE Trans. Magn., Vol.33, 1410-1413, 1997.

TLM similar examples

TLM formulation of microstrip patch antenna on ferrite substrate [1]
Examples similar to ours:
TLM implementation of ferrite example similar to our example [2],[3]

[1] M. I. Sobhy, M. W. R. Ng, R. J. Langley and J. C. Batchelor, TLM formulation of microstrip patch antenna on
ferrite substrate , I. J. RF Microw. Computer-Aided Engineering, Vol. 11, No. 3, 131-139, 2001
[2] M. I. Yaich and M. Khalladi, A SCN-TLM model for the analysis if ferrite media, IEEE Microw. Wirel. Compon.
Lett., Vol. 13, No. 6, 217-219, 2003.
[3] S. El Adraoui, A. Zugari, M. Bassouh, M. I. Yaich and M. Khalladi, Novel PLRC-TLM algorithm
implementation for modeling electromagnetic wave propagation in gyromagnetic media, I. J. Adv. Sci. Technol,
Vol. 6, No. 1, 26-32, 2013
[4] A. L. Farhat, S. Le Maguer, P. Queffelec and M. Ney, TLM extension to electromagnetic field analysis of
anisotropic and dispersive media, IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Techn., vol. 60, no. 8, pp. 23392351, 2012.

Precession is a change in the orientation

of the rotational axis of a rotating body.