QUANTUM TUNNELING

AND
TUNNEL DIODES

Presented by
BRAHMANAND SINGH
M.TECH(COMM. ENGG.)
DEPT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMM.
MMMUT, GORAKHPUR

CONTENTS

Introduction
Literature review
Objectives
Simulated results of previously reported
paper
Conclusion
References

INRODUCTION

What is Quantum Physics?

What is the need of the Quantum
Physics?
How did the Quantum Physics emerged?
Implications of the Quantum Physics?
How does the Quantum Mechanics
explain the Quantum Mechanical
Tunneling?
How does Quantum Mechanical Tunneling
helps in in functioning of the Tunnel
Diode?

What is Quantum Physics?

The main effort of science is to describe

what happens in the nature.
Physical Models

Classical Mechanics Models

Band Theory Model

Quantum Mechanics Models

Wave Theory Model

Classical Physical Models

Sir Joseph Thomson Plum Pudding Model

Ernest Rutherford Alpha Scattering Model
Alpha Scattering model proved that the electrons
are particles which are present in the energy
shells and the protons is concentrated at the
center.
It was proved by the Atomic Spectral lines

Lyman series( n= 1 )
Balmar series( n= 2 )
Paschen series( n= 3 )
Brackett series( n= 4 )
Pfund Series( n= 5 )

Rydberg constant (1.097373107m1)

n: Higher energy level
n : Lower Energy level
Z : Atomic number
Energy of shell
E= - (13.6)/ n^2

What is Quantum
Tunneling?
At the quantum level, matter has wave-like
properties
Tunneling can only be explained by the wave nature
of matter as described by quantum mechanics
Classically, when a particle is incident on a barrier
of greater energy than the particle, reflection occurs
When described as a wave, the particle has a
probability of existing within the barrier region, and
even on the other side of it

Band-to-Band Tunneling in a
Tunnel Diode
(c)

(e)

(b)

(d)

EC
(a)

EV
EF

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e)

(Esaki) Tunnel Diode (TD)

Simplest tunneling device

Heavily-doped pn junction

EF

Leads to overlap of conduction and valence

bands

Carriers are able to tunnel inter-band

Tunneling goes exponentially with
tunneling distance

Requires junction to be abrupt

EC
EV