Академический Документы
Профессиональный Документы
Культура Документы
exposed to Chloride
Abstract
Concrete, a strong, durable material composed of cement,
aggregate and water, is the most used building material in the
world.
Concrete has an ultimate load bearing capacity under
compression but the material is weak in tension. That is why
steel bars are embedded in the concrete for the structures to
carry tensile loads. The steel reinforced bars take the load
when the concrete cracks in tension. On other hand the
concrete protects the steel reinforced bars from the
environment and prevents corrosion.
However, the cracks in the concrete form a major problem
which affects the durability of the structures.
Here the ingress of water and chloride ions takes place and
deterioration of the structure starts with the corrosion of the
steel.
Introduction
Durability of concretemaybedefinedastheabilityofconcreteto
resist weathering action, chemical attack, and abrasion while
maintainingitsdesiredengineeringproperties.
Theresistanceofconcretetochlorideisgood;however,forsevere
environmentssuchasbridgedecks,itcanbeincreasebyusingalow
water-cementitious ratio (about 0.40), at least seven days of moist
curing, and supplementary cementitious materials such as silica
fume,toreducepermeability.
Increasing the concrete cover over the steel also helps slow down
themigrationofchlorides.
Max. W/C
Ratio
Min.
Cement
Content,
Kg/m3
Min.Grade
of
Concrete
Min. Cover,
mm
Moderate
0.45
340
M25
40
Severe
0.45
360
M30
45
Very Severe
0.40
380
M40
50
Extreme
0.35
400
M45
75
Objectives
The structures so designed should have an acceptable
probability of performing satisfactorily during their
intended life.
The designed structures should be durable.
The designed structures should adequately resist to the
effects of chemical attack.
The designed structure should sustain all loads and
deform within limits for construction and use.
Designed durable concrete
compressive strengths.
should
have
enough