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Cytokines: main
functions
Cytokine
nomenclature
Lymfokines - produced by activated T
lymphocytes direct the immune system
response by signaling between its cells
principally leukocytes.
Common chain
Type I IFNs
Produced by macrophages, neutrophils and
other somatic cells in response to infection by
viruses or bacteria.
Inducer is double strand RNA provided by
viral genom itself.
Receptors are expressed on most cell types.
IFN-
IFN- is produced in activated TH1 and NK
cells, particularly in response to IL-2 and IL-12.
Binding of IFN- to its receptor increases the
expression of class I MHC on all somatic cells.
IFN- may also activate macrophages,
neutrophils and NK cells.
Function of IFNs:
Initiation and
regulation of
variety responses
antiviral
antiproliferative
activity (ability to
arrest cell growth)
treatment for cancer
control of
apoptosis
immunomodulatory
(INF- predominantly
modulates immune
http://www.virtualsciencefair.org/2007/sank7b2/fig1b.jpg
IFN- receptor
Expression of on the surface almost of
all cell types.
IFN receptor
IFN- R1 - 530 amino acid
residues (409 residues of protein are
extracellular, 100 residues are
intracellular.
Chemokine receptor
Typical structure of a
chemokine receptor, with
seven transmembrane
domains. Chemokine receptors
are usually linked to a G-protein
through which they signal.
Interaction with their specific
chemokine ligand, chemokine
receptors
trigger a flux in
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemokine_receptor
intracellular calcium (Ca2+)
www.nature.com/.../v2/n8/fig_tab/nrc866_F3.html
OMALIZUMAB,
AN OVER VIEW STUDY
PENDAHULUAN
Omalizumab
adalah
rekombinan
monoklonal
antibodi
yang
terkait
langsung melawan IgE , dalam implikasi
alergi asma
Melalui pembentukan kompleks dengan
IgE, omalizumab dapat mengurangi
ekserbasi akibat asma sehingga sangat
bermanfaat dalam mengobati asma
ringan sampai sedang
Salah satu bentuk komersial produk ini
adalah XOLAIR
INDIKASI
Bukti-bukti
menunjukkan
bahwa
omalizumab
dapat
mengurangi
eksaserbasi
asma
atau
kejadian
konstriksi
jalan
nafas
yang
menyebabkan batuk, susah bernafas
dan wheezing.
MEKANISME KERJA
Omalizumab
terikat
secara
selektif dengan IgE sehingga
dapat menghambat ikatan IgE
dengan FCERI pada permukaan sel
mast dan basofil, yang pada
akhirnya
dapat
mengurangi
pelepasan mediator inflamasi
Absorpsi
Omalizumab
memiliki
bioavalaibilitas rata-rata 62%
Konsentrasi
Distribusi
Volume
distribusi omalizumab
adalah 78 + 32 mL/kg
Kebanyakan
Omalizumab
dieliminasi
melalui
degradasi pada sistem retikuloendotelial
hati dan endotelial sel
Eksresi
empedu
senyawa
ini
dilakukan
oleh
DOSIS
DOSIS (lanjutan)
Thank You