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SYSTEM
NUMBER SYSTEM
Number
Number
System
System
1.
1.
1.
1.
5
11
1.5
11
1.
.2
6
1..2
1.6
31.
71.
1.3
1.7
41.
8 1.
4
8
1.9
1.9
Exit
Exit
NUMBER SYSTEM
Number
Number
System
System
1.
1.
1.
1.
5
11
1.5
11
1.
.2
6
1..2
1.6
31.
71.
1.3
1.7
41.
8 1.
4
8
1.9
1.9
Exit
Exit
The questions
of the type:
HOW
MUCH?
Need
accountin
g
knowledg
e
HOW
MANY?
Day life
Natural Numbers
1, 2, 3,
There is no greatest natural
number, for if 1 added to any
natural numbers. we get the next
higher natural number, call its
successor.
4+2= :
22Example
6
12:2=
6
6=16
123=
36
Whole Numbers
The natural number were extended by
zero (0)
0, 1, 2, 3,
There is no greatest whole numbers
The number 0 has the following
properties:
a+0 = a = 0+a
a-0 = a but 0-a is not defined in whole
numbers
a0 = 0 = 0a
Division by 0 is not defined
0 1
Integers
Another extension of
numbers which allow such
subtractions. It is begin from
negative numbers until the
whole number.
The number line of integers
-3 -2
-1
Representing Integers on
number line
A
B
C D
-4 -3 -2 -1
0 1 2 3 4 5
Then A = -3
C=2
B = -1
D=3
A < B, D > C, B < C, C > A
The rule:
Rational Numbers
Consider the situation, when
an integer a is divided by
another non-zero integer b. The
following case arise:
1. When A multiple of B
A = MB, where M is natural
number or integer. Then, A/B
All Rational
Numbers
5
11
-8
7
-1
-5
-7
4
6
-5
Notes:
A rational number is standard
form is also referred to as a
rational lowest form . There are
two terms interchangeably
Example:
18/27 can be written 2/3 in
standard form (lowest form)
Some important
result:
1. Every natural number is a
rational number but vice-versa
is not always true
2. Every whole number and
integer is a rational number
but vice-versa is not always
true
Examples:
Add the following rational
numbers :
(i) 2/7 and 6/7
(ii) 4/17 and -3/17
Solution:
(i) 2/7 + 6/7 = 8/7
(ii) 4/17 + (-3)/17 = 1/17
Subtraction of Rational
Numbers
(a)p/q r/q = p-r/q
3/5 2/15 =
Example :
3x12/5x12 2x5/12x5
7/4 =
= 36/60 10/60
7/4 1/4 = 7 1
= 26/60
4
= 13x2/30x2
= 6/4 = 2x3 = 3/2
= 13/30
2x2
Examples :
(i) 3/7 and 2/9
Solution :
(ii) 3/7 x 2/9 = 3x2/7x9 = 3x2/7x3x3 =
2/21
(3/7))x(2/9) = 2/21
(ii) 5/6 x (-2/19) = 5x(-2)/6x19 = 2x5/2x3x19 = -5/57
5/6 x (-2/19) = -5/57
27
(ii)
25
25
200
200
x
27
(-1, 08)
25
hence, = -1, 08
10
Other examples:
2,33 Here the remainder 1
7,00
repeats.
6
3
The decimal is not a
1,0
7
terminating
decimal
9
3
1,00
= 2,333 or 2,3
0,28571428
2.000
14
7
60
2
=
7
0,2
56
40
35
85714
Note: A bar over a
50
digit49or a group
of
10
digits
7 implies that digit or
30
group
of digits starts
28
20
repeating
itself
14
indefinitely.
60
56
4
12
=25
Express0,66
in in form p/q
Let x 6= 0,666 (A)
10 x = 6,666
(B)
(B)-(A) gives 9x =
6 or
x
A
A
terminating
terminating
decimal or a
decimal or a
! nonnonterminating
terminating
recurring
recurring
decimal
decimal
represents a
represents a
rational
rational
Note :
The non-terminating
recurring decimals like
0,374374374 are written
as 0,374.
The bar on the group of
digits 374 indicate that
group of digits repeats again
and again.
-2
-1
-1/2
1/2
4
,3
Similarly
can be represented on
the number line as below:
B
-2
-1
4/3
As 1 < 4/3 < 2 therefore, 4/3 between 1 and 2
17
17
17
17
as 9>5. so,
42 33
3 x11 33 9 x7 42 As 42>33,
As 42>33,
77 77
7 x11 77 11x7 77 oror
6 3
11 7
2
3
For example, take
and
, we
3
4
plot
these number on the number
line as below:
-2
-1
3