TNM stages of

carcinoma larynx
T

The size of aprimary tumour

Whether thelymph nodeshave cancer cells in them

Whether the cancer hasspreadto a different part of the

body

there are abnormal cells that may beprecancerous.

T stage 0,
Tis: early cancer that has not broken through the
Tis basement membrane of the tissue it is growing in.

the tumour is in only one part of the larynx and the vocal cord
stageable
1 to move normally.

the tumour which may have started on the vocal cords (glotti
the vocal cords (supraglottis), or below the vocal cords
stageabove
2
(subglottis) has grown into another part of the larynx

the tumour is throughout the larynx but has not spread furthe
stagethe
3 covering of the larynx. One of the vocal cords can't move.

tumour has grown into body tissues outside the larynx.

T stage the
4a
It may have spread to the thyroid gland, windpipe (trachea)
& 4b or food pipe (oesophagus).

N0

N2b

no lymph nodes containing cancer cells

cancer in more than one lymph node, but none are

more than 6cm across. All the nodes must be on
the same side of the neck as the cancer

N1

N2c

cancer cells in one lymph node on the same

side of the neck as the cancer, but the node is
less than 3cm across

cancer in lymph nodes on the other side of the

neck from the tumour, or in nodes on both sides of
the neck, but none is more than 6cm across

N2a

N3

cancer in one lymph node on the same side of

the neck and it is between 3cm and 6cm across

at least one lymph node containing cancer is

larger than 6cm across

M
0
M
1

no cancer spread

spread to other parts of the

body, such as the lungs

Grade of Ca. Larynx

the cancer
cells look
very
abnormal
and very
little like
normal
larynx cells
(they are
poorly
differentiat
ed)

Grade 3

the cancer
cells look
slightly like
normal
larynx cells
(they are
moderately
differentiat
ed)

Grade 2

Grade 1

the cancer
cells look
very much
like normal
larynx cells
(they are
well
differentiat
ed)

Table 2: Findings on FFL in patients

with hoarseness of voice (n=150)
Lesions total

Bilateral

Right

Left

Normal study

40

Vocal cord palsy

Vocal nodule

18

Vocal polyp

Vocal cord cyst

Vallecular cyst

Vocal cord growth

Hyperaemic vocal
cord

Carcinoma larynx

Post radiotherapy

Subglottic mass

Lesions total

Bilateral

Right

Left

Supraglottic mass

Growth post cricoid

area

Growth pyriform sinus

Ulceration of arytenoids

Congested arytenoids

10

Laryngitis

False vocal cord

hypertrophy

Leukoplakic patch

Laryngopharyngeal
reflux disease

15

Phonatory gap

Total

109

18

23

Precentage

73 %

12 %

15 %