Straight Lines

Objectives:
E Grade

Plot the graphs of straight lines such as

x = 3 and y = 4
Complete a table of values for equations
such as y = 3x + 1 and draw the graph

D Grade

Solve problems involving graphs, such as finding

where the line y = x +3 crosses the line y = 2

C Grade

Recognise the equations of straight line graphs

such as y = -3x + 1
Find the gradients of straight line graphs

Prior knowledge:

Plot co-ordinates in all four quadrants

Straight Lines
In order to plot straight lines we must be able to substitute
numbers into an equation in order to calculate a value.
Try these:
Using the value given for x, calculate the value for y
y=x+2
y = x + 10

for x = 2
for x = 3

y=4
y = 13

y=x+3
y=x2

for x = -6
for x = 3

y = -3
y=1

y = x -3

for x = -3

y = -6

y = 2x - 5

for x = 5

y=5

y = -3x -5
y = -6x + 5

for x = 2.5
for x = -3.5

y = -12.5
y = 26

Straight Lines
When given an equation and told to plot a graph, first find
coordinates of points on the line, this is done by completing a table.
By substituting the given values for x calculate the y value for
the following equation:
y=x+2
x -3 -2 -1 0
1
2
3
y

This generates coordinates to plot on a graph

(-3,-1)
(-2,0)
(-1, 1)
(0, 2)

(0, 2)
(1, 3)
(2, 4)
(3, 5)

Plotting these points

(-3,-1)
(-2,0)
(-1, 1)
(0, 2)

Straight Lines

(0, 2)
(1, 3)
(2, 4)
(3, 5)

y
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3

We find a straight line-10

x1

-9

-8

-7

-6 -5

-4

-3

x -1

-2

0
-1
-2
-3
-4
-5
-6
-7
-8
-9
-10

10

Straight Lines
Copy and complete this table for the following equation and plot the
y
straight line
10
9

y = 3x - 1

8
7
6

x
y

-3 -1
10
-4

0
1

1
2

3
8

5
4
3
2

1
-10 -9

-8

-7

-6 -5

-4

-3

-2

-1

-1
-2
-3

x-4
-5
-6

-7
-8

-9
-10

10

Complete the table for

the equation y = x
x -3 -1 0 1
1
y -3 -1 0
Complete the table for
the equation y = x +1
x -3 -1 0 1
-
y
2 0 1 2
Complete the table for
the equation y = x + 3
x -3 -1 0 1
2
3
y
0
4
Complete the table for
the equation y = x - 2
x -3 -1 0 1
y -5 -3 -2 -1

Straight Lines
3
3

Plot the coordinates

When the table is completed
y
10
9
8
7

3
4

3
6

5
4

-10 -9

-8

-7

-6 -5

-4

x
x

x2 x
x
1x x
xx1 2 3 4
-3x -2 -1 0
x -1 x
x
-2x
x x-3
x

-4
-5
-6

3
1

-7
-8
-9
-10

10

Straight Lines
What do you notice about these straight lines?
y=x
y=x+1
y=x+3
y=x-2
They are parallel to each
other
i.e. they have the same -10
gradient
The number added to x
is where the line crosses
the y axis

y
10
9
8
7

6
5
4

-9

-8

-7

-6 -5

-4

x
x

x2 x
x
1x x
xx1 2 3 4
-3x -2 -1 0
x -1 x
x
-2x
x x-3
x

-4
-5
-6
-7
-8
-9
-10

10

Straight Lines
We start with the line y = x

To become y = x + 1
The line moves up by 1
and crosses the y axis at 1

10
9
8
7
6
5
4

Start again with the line y = x

To become y = x + 4
The line moves up by 4
and crosses the y axis at 4

-10 -9

3
2
1
-8

-7

-6 -5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0
-1
-2
-3
-4
-5
-6
-7
-8
-9
-10

10

Straight Lines
Write the equations of these lines?
1
2
3
4
5

y
10

y=x+6
y=x+2
y=x-1
y=x-5
y=x-9

9
8
7

6
5
4

3
2

1
-10 -9

-8

-7

-6 -5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0
-1
-2
-3
-4
-5
-6
-7
-8
-9
-10

10

Straight Lines
To summarise for where a line crosses the y-axis
Known as the y intercept
For any equation in the form y = x + c
The variable c can be + or c is where the line crosses the y axis

Straight Lines
y
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
-10 -9

-8

-7

-6 -5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0
-1
-2
-3
-4
-5
-6
-7
-8
-9
-10

10

Complete the table for

the equation y = x
x -3 -1 0 1

y
Complete the table for
the equation y = x +1
x -3 -1 0 1

y
Complete the table for
the equation y = x + 3
x -3 -1 0 1

y
Complete the table for
the equation y = x - 2
x -3 -1 0 1

Worksheet 1
Straight Lines

Plot the coordinates

When the table is completed
y

10
9
8
7
6

5
4
3
2
1

-10 -9

-8

-7

-6 -5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0
-1
-2
-3
-4
-5
-6

-7
-8
-9
-10

10

Worksheet 2
Straight Lines
Write the equations of these lines?

y
10

1
2
3
4
5

9
8
7

6
5
4

3
2

1
-10 -9

-8

-7

-6 -5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0
-1
-2
-3
-4
-5
-6
-7
-8
-9
-10

10