ENGLISH PROJECT

Explanation about Cataract

By forth group: I Wayan Angga Suamerta Putra

12700010
Cokorda Gede Bagus Prandyana Sanjaya 12700012
I Made Mega Kencana Putra
12700066
I Gede Kadek Candra Mahardika
12700016
Dewi Indrawati
12700020
Mahesa Diantari
12700112
A.A. Ngurah Wisnu Adiputra
12700128
Oktavia Henny
12700132
Fildza Lovelia Pribadi
12700150
Ririn Riwayati
12700136
B CLASS
FACULTY OF MEDICAL WIJAYA KUSUMA SURABAYA UNIVERSITY
2012/2013

CATARACT
same as skin aging, eye
also has the twilight of
debilitating vision
capabilities.
ETIOLOGY

TREATMENT

CLINICAL
MANISVESTATION

PREVENTION

DIAGNOSIS

ETIOLOGY
Cataracts are cloudy areas in the lens inside the eye which is normally clear. Cataracts can develop in one or
both eyes. If they develop in both eyes, one will be more
severely affected than the other. A normally clear lens
allows light to pass through to the back of the eye, so
that the patient can see well-defined images. If a part of
the lens becomes opaque light does not pass through
easily and the patient's vision becomes blurry - like
looking through cloudy water or a fogged-up window. The
more opaque (cloudier) the lens becomes, the worse the
person's vision will be.

re are two types of cataracts:

Age related Congenital cataracts (childhood

cataracts - cataracts) - these may be present
when the baby is born, or shortly
they appear
after birth. Cataracts may also be
later in life; diagnosed in older babies and
the
most children - these are sometimes
common
referred
to
as
developmental,
Factors that may increase the risk of
infantile or juvenile cataracts.
form.
developing
Age
cataracts:

Close relatives who have/had cataracts

(family history)
Diabetes
Ionizing radiation exposure
Long-term exposure to bright sunlight

Long-term use of
corticosteroids
Previous eye inflammation
Previous eye injury

CLINIC MANIFESTATION
Complaints or symptoms of cataracts are caused by the turbidity
that occurs in the eye lens. In the early stages, the lens opacities
is still very low even not visible without the use of tools to check.
At this time the patient usually does not feel the complaint or
interference with vision, so it tends to be ignored. In the next
stage, the turbidity of the lens and continues to grow, so that
complaints are often delivered by people with cataracts at this
time is difficult to read, blurred vision, and difficulty performing
daily activities. In addition to these complaints, other symptoms
such as perceived cataract patients.

In addition to these complaints, other symptoms

such as perceived cataract patients :
1. Sight or intolerance of light misty even against
excessive ( photophobia ).
2. The colors look faded seen
3. It's hard to see at night
4. Double vision when viewing an object with one eye.
5. contrast sensitivity is also lost
6. shadows and color vision are less clear because of
the light scattered by the cataract into the eye
7. In the evening time to see a bright light could be
seen a halo or color of the rainbow.

Catarac
t

DIAGNOSIS

aract identified there are five variations:

1. Congenital cataracts:
A. Cataracts can be found in healthy infants due to
hereditary or congenital abnormalities in the structure of
the eye, for example PHPV, aniridia, coloboma,
microphthalmos, buphthalmos.
B. Cataracts can occur in infants who had experienced an
infection during the mother's womb as rubella,
toxoplasmosis, cytomegalovirus or varicella.
C. Cataracts in infants with metabolic abnormalities such
as Galactosaemia hypocalcaemia and Lowe syndrome.

2. Cataracts juvenilis:
Encountered at a
young age.
3. Traumatic cataract:
Cataracts are
caused by a collision
or penetrating injuries
of the eye lens.

4. Complicated cataract:
Cataracts are caused by
complications of inflammation in
the eye,
use of drugs that contain steroids or
systemic diseases such as diabetes,
atopy / allergies.

IMATUR
CATARACT

MATUR
KATARAK

5. Senile cataract:
Commonly occurs in the
elderly, is the aging process.
Clinically known cataract
immature, mature, and based on
the degree of density hipermatur
cataracts.

HIPERMATUR
CATARACT

Cataracts should be suspected in any individual

with vision is lost gradually, without pain. Using
microscopes, eye doctor can directly observe the
cloudy lens.

TREATMENT

Treatme
nt of
cataract

NON-Surgical

Surgical

Topical treatment (eye drops) with the less well-known antioxidant Nacetylcarnosine has been shown in randomized controlled clinical trials to
improve transmissivity and reduce glare sensitivity for patients with cataracts.
After animal experiments researchers of a pharmaceutical company have proposed
N-acetylcarnosine as a treatment for ocular disorders that have a component of
oxidative stress in their genesis, including cataracts, glaucoma, retinal
degeneration, corneal disorders, and ocular inflammation. Long term (average five
year) observation showed systematic application of azapentacene sodium
polysulfonate (Quinax) slows down the progress of the disease.

- al
N
O gic
N r

The operation to remove cataracts can be performed at any stage

of their development. There is no longer a reason to wait until a
cataract is "ripe" before removing it. However, because all surgery
involves some risk, it is usually worth waiting until there is some
change in vision before removing the cataract. The risk of infective
endophthalmitis following extraction is about one in 1000.
The most effective and common treatment is to make an incision
(capsulotomy) into the capsule of the cloudy lens to surgically
remove it. Two types of eye surgery can be used to remove cataracts:
Extracapsular Cataract Extraction (ECCE) and Intracapsular Cataract
Extraction (ICCE).
ECCE surgery consists of removing the lens, but leaving the
majority of the lens capsule intact. High frequency sound waves
(phacoemulsification) are sometimes used to break up the lens before
extraction. Intra-capsular (ICCE) surgery involves removing the lens
and lens capsule, but it is rarely performed in modern practice. In
either extracapsular surgery or intracapsular surgery, the cataractous
lens is removed and replaced with a plastic lens (an intraocular lens
implant) which stays in the eye permanently.
l

a
c
i
g
r
u
S

PREVENTION
For a while the treatment of cataract can be done
by surgery. Therefore, prevention of cataract
become mandatory lived. For the prevention of
cataract can do some actions in order to be able to
enjoy healthy eyesight. The absolute prevention of
cataract is to prevent diseases that can trigger the
onset of cataract and avoid factors-factors that
support the onset of cataract. Prevention of
cataract can be done by keeping the blood sugar
levels of diabetes developing the disease. Also
other diseases that can lead to cataract.

 Efforts to prevent cataract can also be done starting a healthy

lifestyle with a balance diet and avoid smoking. Eat foods that
are rich in minerals and vitamins that are useful for eyes
health. Such as vitamin C, zing, selenium and substance
biovlabonoit. But avoid the acquisition of substance from
dietary supplements. Should substance is obtained from
healthy diet with eat vegetables and fruits. Keep your eyes
healthy by not letting eyes exposure to ultra violet rays. Put
on the sunglasses when going to do outdoor activities in a
long time. For the prevention of cataract can also be done by
keeping the eyes from trauma or injury to the eyes that can
be in sight. Also avoid consumption of medicine that could
support the development of cataract.

AN Y
?
?

N
O
I
T
QUES

Thank YOU