Global

patterns of
disease

Global patterns of
disease
Explain the global distribution of diseases
of affluence
Explain the global distribution of diseases
of poverty

Diseases of poverty
Usually found among poorer people and in
LEDCs
Caused by:

Poor diet
Poor hygiene
Water-borne parasites
Public health facilities
Lack of education

Diseases of affluence
Usually found amongst wealthier people and in
MEDCs
Caused by
Over-consumption and lifestyle
Increased life expectancy
Environmental quality

Epidemiological Transition Model

LEDC ____________________________________ MEDC
Communicable diseases____ Non communicable diseases
Infectious diseases ____________ Degenerative diseases
Diseases of Poverty ____________ Diseases of Affluence
Aids, Cholera, Tuberculosis,
Diarrhoea, Malaria, Typhoid,
Yellow fever, Dengue fever,
measles, Polio, Perinatal
deaths (in first week of life).

Cancer, Heart and

circulatory disease,
Obesity, Type two
diabetes, Alzheimer's
disease.

 Very closely matches in with the broad, world

pattern of economic development
However, obesity problems are rising the greatest
in NICs http://www.worldatlas.com/articles/29most-obese-countries-in-the-world.html

Obesity rates (2015)

Disease Categories
Endogenetic (from inside)
Congenital diseases from birth and degenerative diseases
resulting from old age.
Exogenetic (from outside)
Environmental conditions, social habits and hazards.
These vary spatially. Differences between countries, parts
of countries, socio economic groups.

So what are the factors that can

EXPLAIN the distribution of
diseases of affluence and
diseases of poverty?

Exogenetic Factors LEDCS and

MEDCS compared
LEDC
Nutrition (being underweight)
The environment (unsafe water , sanitation and hygiene)
Poor living standards (indoor smoke from solid fuels
mainly wood)
Social norms and disease such as HIV/AIDS (unsafe sex).
MEDC
Lifestyle causing high blood pressure (stress)
Physical inactivity (heart disease, diabetes)
Leisure activities (tobacco and alcohol and illicit drugs)
Nutrition (being overweight, high cholesterol levels, low
fruit and vegetable intake).

Transmitted by
mosquitoes.

Malaria

Water borne
disease.

Cholera

Spread from person to

person by sneezing and
coughing.

Tuberculosis

Transmitted through
inflected water.

Polio

Spread by
mosquitoes.

Yellow
Fever

Transmitted from
animals to humans by
biting.

Rabies

Transmitted
between eyes by
flies causes
blindness.

Trachoma

Transmitted in blood,
through sex, sharing
infected needles or in
the womb.

HIV / Aids

 Questions 1-6 page 483

The Spread of Disease

Disease diffusion
The spread of a disease into a new location

Distance decay
Areas further from the source of the disease are less likely to be
affected by it
2014 Ebola; 2016 Zika
http://www.paho.org/hq/index.php?
option=com_content&view=article&id=12861:2016-zika-evolved-fromemergency-into-long-term-public-healthchallenge&catid=740&Itemid=1926&lang=en
(http://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-35425731)

Types of diffusion
Expansion when the expanding disease has a source and diffuses
into new areas
Contagious spreads in several directions from source affecting most who
come in contact
Hierarchical spreads through a sequence, maybe through vulnerability (age)
or location (urban)

Relocation an individual who carries a disease moves to a new

location
Network eg disease spreads via transportation/ social networks
1.Answer questions 1-6 page 483
2.Draw diagrams showing diffusions (484)
3.Qblock 10J (488) 2, 4, 5, 6

IB example question
Make sure you have made notes from the
resources provided.
Write an answer to this 10 mark question:
Describe and explain the distribution of an
example of a disease of affluence and an
example of a disease of poverty. (10)