Formulating The Research Design

Slide 5.
4. Formulating the Research Design
Saunders, Lewis and Thornhill, Research Methods for Business Students, 5th Edition, Mark Saunders, Philip Lewis and Adrian Thornhill 2009
Slide 5.2
The Process of Research Design
1. Research choices
2. Research strategies
3. Time horizons
Slide 5.3
Research Design
The Research Design Needs:
1. Clear objectives derived from the research question
2. To specify sources of data collection
3. To consider constraints and ethical issues
4. Valid reasons for your choice of design
Slide 5.4
Classification of the Research Purpose
Exploratory research
Descriptive studies
Explanatory studies
Slide 5.5
Research Strategies (1)
Experiment
Action research
Grounded theory
Ethnography
Survey
Case study
Archival research
Slide 5.6

An Experiment Will Involve:
Definition of a theoretical hypothesis

Selection of samples from known populations
Random allocation of samples
Introduction of planned intervention
Measurement on a small number of dependent
variables
Control of all other variables
Slide 5.7

A Classic Experiment Strategy
Saunders et al, (2009)

Figure 5.2 A classic experiment strategy
Slide 5.8

Survey: Key Features
Popular in business research

Perceived as authoritative
Allows collection of quantitative data
Data can be analysed quantitatively
Samples need to be representative
Gives the researcher independence
Structured observation and interviews can be used
Slide 5.9

Case Study: Key Features
Provides a rich understanding of a real life context
Uses and triangulates multiple sources of data
A case study can be categorised in four ways
and based on two dimensions:
single case v. multiple case
holistic case v. embedded case
Yin (2003)
Slide 5.10

Action Research: Key Features
Research IN action - not ON action

Involves practitioners in the research
The researcher becomes part of the organisation
Promotes change within the organisation
Can have two distinct facii (Schein, 1999)
the aim of the research and the needs of the sponsor
Slide 5.11

The Action Research Spiral
Saunders et al, (2009)
Figure 5.3 The action research spiral

Slide 5.12

Grounded Theory: Key Features
Theory is built through induction and deduction
Helps to predict and explain behaviour
Develops theory from data generated by
observations
Is an interpretative process, not a logicodeductive one
Based on Suddaby (2006)
Slide 5.13

Ethnography: Key Features
Aims to describe and explain the social world
inhabited by the researcher
Takes place over an extended time period
Is naturalistic
Involves extended participant observation
Slide 5.14

Archival Research: Key Features
Uses administrative records and documents as
the principal sources of data
Allows research questions focused on the past
Is constrained by the nature of the records and
documents
Slide 5.15

The Role of the Practitioner-Researcher:
Key Features
Research access is more easily available

The researcher knows the organisation
Has the disadvantage of familiarity
The researcher is likely to their own assumptions
and preconceptions
The dual role requires careful negotiation
Slide 5.16
Time Horizons
Select the appropriate time horizon!
Cross-sectional studies
Longitudinal studies
Slide 5.17
Credibility of Research Findings

Important Considerations:
Reliability
Validity
Generalizability
Logic leaps and false assumptions
Slide 5.18
Research Design Ethics

Remember:
The research design should not subject the

research population to embarrassment, harm or
other material disadvantage
Adapted from Saunders et al, (2009)
Slide 5.19
Summary (1)
Research design turns a research question and
objectives into a project that considers:
Strategies
Choices
Time horizons
Research projects can be categorised as:

Exploratory
Descriptive
Explanatory
Research projects may be:

Cross-sectional
Longitudinal
Slide 5.20
Summary (2)
Important Considerations:
The main research strategies may be combined
in the same project
The opportunities provided by using multiple
methods
The validity and reliability of results
Access and ethical considerations

Formulating The Research Design

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Slide 5.

4. Formulating the Research Design

The Process of Research Design

Classification of the Research Purpose

Research Strategies (1)

Research Strategies (2)

Definition of a theoretical hypothesis

Research Strategies (3)

Saunders et al, (2009)

Research Strategies (4)

Popular in business research

Research Strategies (5)

Research Strategies (6)

Research IN action - not ON action

Research Strategies (7)

Saunders et al, (2009)

Figure 5.3 The action research spiral

Research Strategies (8)

Research Strategies (9)

Research Strategies (10)

Research Strategies (11)

Research access is more easily available

Credibility of Research Findings

Research Design Ethics

The research design should not subject the

Adapted from Saunders et al, (2009)

Research projects can be categorised as:

Research projects may be:

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