CIRCULATING FLUIDIZED BED

BOILER (CFB)
High-efficiency
Cold start-up 8 6 jam
Save fuel
Low pollution
Temperatur operasinya antara
850~950C
Desulphurization
SO2

CIRCULATING FLUIDIZED BED

BOILER (CFB)
CFB have good adaptability
Low grade bituminous
,anthracite,peat and oil shale etc.
Coal particle affect to operation
Fluidized quality is low (large slag
carbon content)
Increase primary air flow (eroded
inside furnace)

Boiler Start up
Boiler cold start-up
Boiler warm start-up
Bed material temperature < 650C
Boiler hot start-up
Bed material temperature > 650C

 Bed temperature 20 ~ 320 C (Cold)

Rate temperature 30 ~ 60C/h
Bed temperature 320 ~ 600C
(Warm)
Rate temperature 80 ~ 100C/h
Bed temperature >600 C (hot)
Rate temperature 120C/h

Bed and drum metal temperature

Bed material temp 20~320C
Bed material temp 320 ~600 C
Bed material temp > 600 C
Boiler steam drum metal temp ( Lower )

C / hours

60 ~ 80

C / hours

80 ~100

C / hours

120

C / hours

30 ~ 60

< 50

< 17

Boiler steam drum metal temp (Diff upper Lower )

Perbedaan Steam Drum metal temperature

antara sisi kanan dan kiri yang diijinkan
Bed temperature 750C P 4Mpa
T 350C

CIRCULATING FLUIDIZED BED

BOILER (CFB)
Air purging
Air flow > 30% (Prymary Air Fan)
Open the purging valve of fuel burner
Clean the fuel burner
Oil gun start
Bed temperature >450~500C
Coal feeding
Bed temperature >650~700C (Furnace temperature
850C)
Oil Gun stop
Furnace temperature 850~ 900C
Coal feeder control

Boiler hot start-up

Bed material temperature > 650C
Direcly feed coal
It does not need furnace purge and start
ignition burner
Do not consider refractory material
temperature

JENIS BATUBARA

KANDUNGAN KARBON

ANTRASIT

META ANTRASIT
ANTRASIT
SEMI ANTRASIT

98% - 100% KARBON

92% - 98% KARBON
86% - 92% KARBON

BITUMINOUS

SEMI BITUMINOUS
BITUMINOUS
SUB BITUMINOUS

78% - 86% KARBON

69% - 78% KARBON
55% - 69% KARBON

LIGNIT

LIGNIT
BROWN COAL
(PEAT)

55%

KARBON

JENIS BAHAN /ZAT

Sulfur (belerang)
Bituminous Coal
Semi Bituminous Coal
Anthracite
Acetylene
Ethane
Hydrogen
Methane
Carbon Monoxide

SIMBOL
KIMIAWI

TEMPERATUR PENYALAAN
C

243
408
466
496

470
766
870
925

C2H2
C2H4
H2
CH4
CO

482
538
610
650
654

900
1000
1130
1130
1210

3TPada Keberhasilan Pembakaran

Penyebab pembakaran yang kurang

sempurna :
a. Temperatur ruang bakar lebih rendah dari temperatur
penyalaan campuran, maka campuran tidak terbakar
dengan baik, bahkan dapat mematikan nyala api (flame
failure).
b. Turbulensi kurang baik (hembusan udara yang terlalu
kuat pada sisi masuk ruang bakar)

c. Ukuran partikel bahan bakar yang terlalu besar

CIRCULATING FLUIDIZED BED

BOILER (CFB)
Furnace wall deformation,cracking
Slowly rising temperatur
Cold furnace firing time
4~5
hours
Warm furnace firing time
2.5~ 3
hours

Pengisian Boiler(Boiler filling-up)

Persiapan pengisian Boiler
- Check list peralatan,megger motor-motor dll
- Pengisian Condenser Hotwell
- Pengisian Dearator
- Condesate Pump start
- Start BFP

Boiler firing
-

Start furnace purge

MFT RESET
Temperature rising
Pressure rising
Target Pressure dan Temperatur
(sesuai mode start)

Boiler firing
Temperature rising
Buka (open) vent Drum & semua line uap
Pressure rising
Tutup vent Drum & atur pembukaan line
uap sesuai kenaikan pressure &
temprature
Yang perlu diperhatikan
Semua line uap yang dilalui gas panas
tidak boleh ada aliran uap yang terhenti
(menghindari overheating)

SHUTDOWN

BOILER SHUTDOWN
Classificasion
- Planned shutdown (overhaul,minor
repair and standby)
- Unplanned shutdown(emergency
shutdown and request for shutdown

BOILER SHUTDOWN
Principle of shutdown
- Cold reserve cooled down to
normal temperature for
maintenance
- Hot reserve boiler may be restart a
short time short time
- Emergency reserve cause by
equipment failure

Boiler shut-down
Cold Reserve

sliding parameter

Hot Reserve

constan pressure

Emergency shut-down equipment failure

Safety - economy

Turbine Shut-down

Stop the set with steam of rated parameters

Stop the set with sliding steam parameters

Reduce to 80~85% - MSP lower limit
- Control valve full open
Reduce the load
- Push the emergency shut-down Turbine trip & Boiler trip
- Disconnect the generator to the gride after boiler stopped/turbine idle
run (Open control valve fully to reduce the load zero with Boilers
residual heat

Emergency stopping

Shutdown
Load reduced to 40% - change the feed
water control auto to manual
Load reduced to zero stop fuel supply
(fire off)
Purge the furnace 30 -40% total air -5
-10 minutes to remove the possibly
residual combustibles remainned in the
furnaced and flue gas ducts
Drum pressure 0.2 Mpa open vent valve
Water temperature <90C the boiler drained
off

KAVITASI
Terjadi pada proses penguapan atau
pengembunan zat cair karena
perubahan tekanan pada zat cair.
Jika terjadi pembukaan FWC
menyempit dengan zat cair
bertemperature tinggi (147C)

FEED WATER CONTROL

Untuk menghindari kerusakan FWC
- BFP system variabel speed
- BFP dengan kapasitas
berbeda(50%,100%)
- Double FWC (small,medium,large)
- Topping valve

Start of soot blowing

When the flue gas end temperature
is increasing or the pressure
difference across the heat transfer
banks increases.
When needed, but however it is
recommended to start the
sootblowing sequence (all
sootblowers) at least once per day.

PROSES START-UP & SHUTDOWN

PLTU
Operator harus familiar betul terhadap
peralatan PLTU yg dioperasikan, serta
karakternya. Ikuti petunjuk operasi dari
pabrik peralatan yang bersangkutan.
- Proses start Boiler
- Proses start Turbin
- Proses start Generator
- Proses shutdown

STT-PLN

28

SOP/INTRUKSI KERJA

TERIMA
KASIH

 Boiler hydraulic pressure test

1.25 times the drum working
pressure
Water temperature 20 ~ 70C ( ideal
35C)
Rate pressure 0.1 Mpa/min (increase or
decrease)

Boiler pressure
Boiler Drum pressure rise >50C/hours
Total pressure rising process 4 hours

Monitoring and adjustment in

boiler operation
Boiler load changes
Coal feed and air flow rate

Boiler operating procedures