H ESS S LA W

O F C O N S TA N T
H EAT
S U M M ATIO N
By : Emaan Khan
Introduction

It is a law in thermodynamics

It was introduced by Dr. Germain Henri

Hess

He was Swiss-Russian chemist and doctor.

W hat did it state?

Hess's Lawsays that the enthalpy

change if a reaction depends only on
the initial and final states of the
reaction and is independent of the
route by which the reaction may
occur
In practicalterm s

We have a chemical A.
A ---- B
| |

C ---- D
Route doesnt matter.
Overall heat change remain
constant.
H = H1 + H2 + H3 +
 Exam ple

Mg + 1/2 O2 ---- MgO

H = -604
CuO ---- Cu + 1/2O2
H = +155
 Exam ple

Mg ---- MgO
H = -604
CuO ---- Cu
H = +155
 Exam ple

Mg ---- MgO
H = -604
CuO ---- Cu
H = +155
____________________________
Mg + CuO ---- MgO + Cu
H = -449
But w hy????

By Calorimetry, we can only find

energy and enthalpy change of
particular compound.

But we are not able to find enthalpy

changes of some substances by glass
calorimeter or bomb calorimeter.

So there it helps us!!!

Exam ple

We cannot take Carbon and mix it in

Clorine and put it in glass
calorimeter and form CCl4.

It is not done in a single step.

So we use Hesss Law

E.g. ; CCl4, B2O3, CO

Application

It has several applications but we will

discuss
only two.

a) Heat formation

b) Born Haber Cycle

 Practicalexam ple

a) Heat formation :

C + O2 ---- CO2
H = -393.7
2H2 + O2 ---- 2H2O
H = -285.7
CO2 + 2H2O ---- CH4 + 2O2
H = +890.3
 Practicalexam ple

a) Heat formation :

C + ---- CO2
H = -393.7
2H2 + ---- 2H2O
H = -285.7
CO2 + 2H2O ---- CH4 +
H = +890.3
 Practicalexam ple

a) Heat formation :

C + ---- CO2
H = -393.7
2H2 + ----
H = -285.7
CO2 + ---- CH4 +
H = +890.3
 Practicalexam ple

a) Heat formation :

C + ----
H = -393.7
2H2 + ----
H = -285.7
---- CH4 +
H = +890.3
 Practicalexam ple

a) Heat formation :

C + ----
H = -393.7
2H2 + ----
H = -285.7
---- CH4 +
H = +890.3
_______________________
C + 2H2 ---- CH4
Application

b) Born Haber Cycle

Sum of energy change which

occurs in closed cycle, from the
same initial and final states, is
zero.
M athem atically

H = 0

H1 + H2 + H3 + .
=0
Exam ple
 Exam ple

a) Direct

Na + Cl2 ---- NaCl H =

-411
 Exam ple

Sodium:

Na(s) ---- Na (g)

Hsub = 109

Na(g) ---- Na+(g) + e H(IE)

= 496
 Exam ple

Chlorine:

Cl2(g) ---- 2Cl (g)

Hdiss = 242.7

Cl(g) + e---- Cl(g)

H(EA) = -348
 Exam ple

Salt

Na+(g) + Cl(g) ---- NaCl(s) HLat =

U = 242
 Finally

Hf = Hsub + IE + Hdiss + EA +
U

U is the lattice energy used to join or

break bonds
TH A N K S FO R B EA R IN G