A Review of the Shoulder

Muscles and Their Actions

Questions
What muscle works closely with the anterior deltoid?
Pectoralis major
What muscle is involved in any lifting movements?
Deltoid
What is the major (strongest) extensor muscle?
Latissimus Dorsi
Name the four rotator cuff muscles.
Subscapularis, Supraspinatus, Infraspinatus, and Teres
minor.
What muscle works closely with the infraspinatus?
Teres minor
Practice
Name the muscles Name the muscles
for Horizontal for Horizontal
Adduction Abduction
Pect Major (both) Deltoid (post)
Corachobrachialis Infraspinatus
Deltoid (anterior) Teres minor
Lats
Practice
List the muscles that List the muscles that
do flexion of the do extension of the
shoulder shoulder
Coracobrachialis Latissimus dorsi
Pectoralis major Teres major
(upper to 60) Posterior deltoid
Anterior Deltoid Pectoralis major
(lower fibers to
neutral)
Practice
List the muscles that List the muscles that do
do adduction of the abduction of the
shoulder shoulder
Pectoralis major Deltoid (all sections)
(lower and upper Supraspinatus
below 90) Pectoralis major
Coracobrachialis (upper past 90)
Latissimus dorsi
Teres major
Practice
List the muscles that List the muscles that
do internal rotation do external rotation
of the shoulder of the shoulder
Subscapularis Infraspinatus
Latissimus dorsi Teres minor
Teres major Posterior deltoid
Anterior deltoid
Pect. major
Name the muscle.

Coracobrachialis

Name the action

Adduction of
the shoulder

Also, flexion
and hor. add.
Name the muscle.

Pectoralis Major
Name the muscle.
Subscapularis

Name the action

Internal
rotation of the
shoulder
Name the muscle.
Deltoid

Name the action

Abduction of
shoulder
Name the muscle.

Infraspinatus

Name the action

External
rotation
Name the muscle. Name the action

Teres Major Adduction of

scapula
Name the muscle.

Teres Minor

Name the action if the humerus move directly to the posterior

Extension of the shoulder

Name the muscle.

Supraspinatus

Name the action

Abduction of the shoulder

Coracobrachialis Pect. Major

Subscapularis
Deltoid
Supraspinatus Teres Major

Infraspinatus
Teres Minor
What position are her shoulders in?

Flexion
What position is his right shoulder in?

Horizontal Abduction and

External Rotation
What rotation action is his shoulder performing as he
continues to through the ball?

Internal Rotation
What position are her shoulders in?

Flexion
What position are his shoulders in?

Horizontal abduction or Extension

 Position of their shoulders? 2.
1.
Extension
Flexion
What is the position of shoulders?

Extension
Shoulder Muscle Exercises
Major Muscles of the Shoulder
Pectoralis major Latissimus dorsi
Push-ups Chinning
Pull-ups Robe climb
Bench press Dips on parallel bars
Throwing Pullover exercises
Tennis serve Pulldown exercises
Rowing
 Shoulder action = ? Deltoid
Abduction
Shoulder muscle(s) = ? Supraspinatus
 Shoulder action = ?
Shoulder muscle(s) = ?

Flexion

Ant Deltoid
Upper Pect Major
Coracobrach.
 Shoulder action = ? Ant. Deltoid
Shoulder muscle(s) = ? Horizontal Add. Pect. Major (both)
Coracobrachialis
 Shoulder action = ?
Horizontal Abduction
Shoulder muscle(s) = ?

Latissimus Dorsi
Post. Deltoid
Teres Minor
Infraspinatus
 Shoulder action = ?
Shoulder muscle(s) = ?

Adduction

Pect. Major (both)

Coracobrachialis
Latissimus Dorsi
Teres Major
 Shoulder action = ? Horizontal Add
Shoulder muscle(s) = ?

Ant. Deltoid
Pect. Major (both)
Coracobrachialis
 Shoulder action = ?
Shoulder muscle(s) = ?

Extension Lats Teres Major

Post. Deltoid Pectoralis Major (lower)
Infraspinatus Teres minor
 Shoulder action = ? External Rotation
Shoulder muscle(s) = ? Infrspinatus
Teres Minor
Post. Deltoid
Name a shoulder muscle isolated
with the following exercises.
Side arm dumbbell raises
Deltoid
Push-ups
Pectoralis major
Rowing and pull-overs
Latissimus dorsi
Whatistheactiontotheleft?What
musclesperformthataction?
External Rotation
Internal Rotation

Internal Rotation

Subscapularis, Ant. Deltoid, Pect, Major, Lats. And Teres Major

RotatorCuffExercises
External Rotation

Internal Rotation

External Rotation

Abduction (to work the supraspinatus)

Shoulder Related Injuries
The shoulder is built
for motion, not stability
Injury rate depends
on
Shallowness of glenoid
fossa
Laxity of ligaments
Strength of muscles
 Shoulder subluxation
Incomplete or partial dislocation
Shoulder dislocation
Complete dislocation of the GH joint
Most common anteriorly and inferiorly

Shoulder separation
Complete dislocation of the AC joint
Shoulder Dislocation
Impingement Syndrome
Impingement Syndrome
A condition that decreases
the subacromial space
Acromion process
Coracoacromial ligament
Causes
Swelling
Bone spurs
Anatomical structure
Impingement Syndrome
Rotator Cuff Tears
Rotatorcuff
Subscapularis
Supraspinatus
Infraspinatus
Teresminor
Movement of RC Muscles
Subscapularis is an
internal rotator of the arm.
Supraspinatus assists the
deltoid in abducting the
arm, with its greatest
contribution being the
initiation of abduction.
Infraspinatus and teres
minor muscles both
externally rotate the arm.
Rotator Cuff Injury
The throwing motion has been divided
into five phases: wind-up, cocking,
acceleration, and follow-through.
Cocking phase
Subscapularis fires in late cocking phase
to decelerate the shoulder's external
rotation. Also, it is stretched during the
cocking phase.
Rotator Cuff Injury
Follow-through (muscles fire most intensely)
Subscapularis internally rotates the shoulder,
The infraspinatus and teres minor contract
eccentrically to decelerate the arm and are
stretched.
During this repetitive eccentric loading, the
rotator cuff is prone to overload, fatigue,
tendinitis, and even a partial undersurface
tear.
Note: Surgery needs
to be performed
within 3 months or
the supraspinatus
muscle will atrophy
and be too short to
reattach
Glenoid Labrum
Labral Tear

The glenoid cavity makes up the socket of the shoulder

joint.
The labrum acts sort of like a gasket, turning the flat
surface of the glenoid into a deeper socket that molds to
the head of the humerus for a better fit.
A tear of labrum can cause pain and a catching
sensation with movement of the shoulder.
Labral Tear

Most labral tears are probably the result of an injury to the

shoulder, such as falling on an outstretched hand.
There is reason to believe that the excess motion of the
humerus moving around on the glenoid may cause
damage to the labrum over time.
An unstable shoulder may also cause injury to the labrum,
if it repeatedly dislocates out of the glenoid.