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Capacity
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Capacity
Capacity = R * T
R is the rate of output per unit of time
T is the maximum amount of time available
Capacity has a cost
Cost to acquire or rent the facility, machine,
operating costs, wages, utilities, insurance, etc.
The cost is incurred even if capacity is underused
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Measuring the Cost of Capacity
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Measuring the Cost of Capacity
Practical
Level of output under current conditions, allowing for
normal downtime for setups, maintenance,
vacations, etc.
Normal
Average level of output achieved or anticipated over
several years
Budget
Level of output anticipated for the current year
Actual
Level of output actually achieved in the current year
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Measuring the Cost of Capacity
Amount of capacity-related overhead charged to the output
depends on the allocation base chosen
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Measuring the Cost of Capacity
Traditional cost allocation measures
Operating Cost per
Output cost unit
Theoretical capacity
Units per hour 200
Hours per day * 24
Days per year * 365
Theoretical capacity = 1,752,000 $400,000 $0.228
Practical capacity
Units per hour 200
Hours per day * 24
Operating days per year* * 231
Practical capacity = 1,108,800 $400,000 $0.361
* 365-104-10-15-5=231 days
Normal capacity
Expected 5 year average output 1,000,000 $400,000 $0.400
Budget capacity
Planned output for the current year 1,050,000 $400,000 $0.381
Actual capacity
Actual output for the current year 1,032,000 $400,000 $0.388
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Measuring the Cost of Capacity
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Measuring the Cost of Capacity
Nonproductive capacity
Capacity that does not result in usable output
Downtime for maintenance, setups, lack of
materials, etc.
Productive time lost due to waste, scrap, rework,
etc.
Idle capacity
Capacity that is not available due to policy decisions
or market reasons such as holidays, lack of orders,
etc.
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Measuring the Cost of Capacity
Cost is attached to the capacity categories based on
the theoretical cost per unit
Output Cost per
Capacity category Days (4,800 units per day) unit Capacity cost
Rated 365 1,752,000 $0.228 $ 400,000
Productive 215 1,032,000 $0.228 235,616
Nonproductive
Setups 15 72,000 $0.228 $ 16,438
Standby 5 24,000 $0.228 5,479
Defects 8 38,400 $0.228 8,767
Subtotal 28 134,400 $0.228 30,685
Idle
Weekends, holidays 114 547,200 $0.228 $ 124,932
Marketable 5 24,000 $0.228 5,479
Not marketable 3 14,400 $0.228 3,288
Subtotal 122 585,600 $0.228 133,699
Total 365 1,752,000 $0.228 $ 400,000
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Measuring the Cost of Capacity
Capacity utilization can be shown graphically
Nonproductive
capacity
Idle capacity
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Managing Capacity Costs
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Managing Capacity Costs
Operating Cost per
Capacity category cost Volume stamping
Rated $ 400,000 1,752,000 $ 0.228
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Managing Capacity Costs
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Managing Capacity Costs
Reduction of nonproductive capacity
Reduction of setup time, defects, etc.
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Implications of the CAM-I Model
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Practical Considerations in
Measuring Capacity
How is capacity defined?
Worker, machine, factory, etc.
Higher-level capacity (process, factory, etc.) is
determined by the lowest capacity component
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Practical Considerations in
Measuring Capacity
Capacity may depend on the mix of work
processed on the asset
The machine may take longer to stamp one type
of product than it takes to stamp another type
What costs should be included?
Operating costs?
Sunk costs?
Financing costs?
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