Born on June 19, 1861 in Calamba,

Laguna. He was baptized Jose Rizal

Mercado
Calamba is a small agricutural land
nestling at the foot of Mt. Makiling. In
Rizals time, the town is devoted to the
production of sugar. Majority of the
land were controlled by the Dominicans
 Unamuno Tagalog Christ
His mother promised a pilgrimage to
Antipolo should she make a successful
delivery (25 Km East of Manila)
Frequent pilgrim site
Espaole filipino
 The soil was fertile, climate favorable.
The scenic beauty gave the young
Rizal the right impetus for his poetic
and artistic creativity.
It was the atmosphere that Rizal
learned the early values of love,
affection and loyalty which blossomed
in his mature years.
 Rizal was mixed racial origin.
On his fathers side, he descended
from an industrious and intelligent
Chinese merchant, Domingo Lamco,
who married a Chinese mestiza, Ines
de la Rosa.
From the Parian, the family moved to
Bian.
Lamcos only son, Francisco was Rizals
great grandfather.
 He became the municipal captain of
Bian in 1783.
The family dropped the name
Mercado to free younger generations
from the prejudices that followed those
Chinese name.
 Francisco Mercado married Bernarda
Monicha, a Chinese mestiza. They were
blessed with 2 children: Juan and
Clemente.
Juan married Cirila Alejandra. They had
14 children, one of whom was
Francisco, Rizals father.
 Rizals maternal great grandfather,
Manuel de Quintos from Pangasinan
was a lawyer. He married Regina Ursua
of Japanese ancestry.
Their daughter Brigida married Lorenzo
Alonso, an engineer from Baliuag,
Bulacan.
The couple had 5 children, including
Teodora, Rizals mother.
 Rizals parents were prosperous, they
belonged to the privilege class, the
principalla.
They could afford big rectangular house
made of adobe and hardwood. Red-tiled
roof, owns carriages and horses, symbol
of wealth and respectability among
families in the town.
They enjoyed the esteem of the local
Spanish officials.
 When the family move to Calamba,
they became tenant (inquilinos) of the
Dominican estate. (sugar production)
Lolay owned a small dry goods store
Sometimes participate in tiangge
business during weekends.
 Was born in Bian, Laguna.
He studies Latin and Philosophy at the
College of San Jose in Manila.
He was described by Rizal as a model
of a father
man of solid shoulders, strong
constitution
 Was born in Sta. Cruz, Manila
She came from a distinguished and
talented family
Rizal inherited his mothers literary
talent
Can speak Spanish better than Rizal
my mother is not a woman of
ordinary culture. She knows
literature and knows Spanish
better than I do. She even
corrected my poems and gave
me wise advice when I was
studying rhetoric. She is a
mathematician and read many
books.
 Saturnina
Paciano
Narcisa
Olimpia
Lucia
Maria
Jose
Concepcion
Josefa
Trinidad
soledad
 Paciano was ten years older than Jose
He pursued college education in Manila
He was like a second father to Jose
He joined the revolutionary forces of
Aguinaldo and rose to the rank of
major general
When freedom was restored, he retired
to his farm in Los Baos until his death
in 1930.
 He learned alphabet at the age of 3
He took intensive literature at the
familys library
Skills in sculpture, sketching and
painting
Sa aking mga kabata his first novel
at the age of 8
His favorite fable, the story of the
moth
 Rizal showed his idealism and seriousness in
his poetry
Our Mother Tongue
Most written under the guidance of his
mother
She constantly read poems to him,
corrected his works
Patriotism and encourage appreciation for
the native tongue
angelical and equal to any other language
 Always quiet and observant
His past time and habits were more
characteristic of a mature man than of
the young
He liked being alone
He did not play with ordinary boys
He loved reading and listening to his
elders
 I spent many hours on the shore of the
lake, Laguna de Bay
I was thinking what was beyond
He often see guardia civil injuring
unarmed villager
Acts of violence were committed daily
I wonder in other lands, people were
treated differently?
 At 9 years, he was sent to Bian to
study
Studies under the guidance of Justiano
Cruz
He excelled in Spanish, Latin
Rizal developed his painting skills
Rizal referred to himself as
fashionable painter.
 He was barely 11 when he entered
Ateneo Municipal, barely 4 months
after the execution of GOMBURZA.
Ateneo Municipal was formerly known
as Escuela Pia, rival school of Colegio
De San Juan de Letran
His father decided to enroll Rizal to
Ateneo instead of Colegio de San Jose.
 He took the entrance exam at Colegio de
san Juan de Letran, covering topics like
reading, arithmetic, Catholic doctrines on
June 10, 1872.
It was the Dominicans who exercised the
power of inspection and regulation over
Ateneo at that time.
The incoming freshman for the different
colleges for boys were administered at
Colegio De San Juan De Letran.
 The academic programs exposed
students to 5 learning areas: Christian
Doctrine, Languages (Spanish, Latin,
Greek, French), History and geography
(World History, Geography and history
of Spain and Philippines), Mathematics
and Sciences, Classic disciplines.
Vocational courses: agriculture,
mechanics, commerce and surveying.
 Division of classes into two competing
empires: Romans and Carthaginians.
Roman Empire: boarding students
Carthaginians: non-boarding students
Ranks: Emperor, tribune, decurion,
centurion, and the standard bearer.
 Ratio studiorum a system of
indoctrination under tight and constant
discipline with every compensation and
reward. (memory and understanding)
Ad Majoren Dei gloriam teachers
aimed at forming life long Catholics.
Masses, prayers, membership in
religious organization (Sodality of Our
Lady and Apostleship of Prayer)
 Passed oral examination March 14,
1877 and graduated with highest
honors. (Bachiller en Artes)
Racial pride, monastic discipline and
seclusion of boarding school life.
Academy of Spanish Literature and
Academy of Natural Sciences
 Rizal became qualified as member of
two exclusive societies in Ateneo: the
Academy of Spanish Literature and
Academy of Natural Science
 Fr. Francisco Paula De Sanchez skills
in writing poetry.
Convent School of Santa Isabel
Special courses in Spanish
Agustin Saez and Romualdo De Jesus
painting and sculpture (Virgin Mary and
Sacred Heart of Jesus)
Tio Manuel (uncle) gymnastics and
fencing
 Ateneo had taught him that the mind
would achieve its purpose as long as
one sought truth in a spirit of love and
understanding of ones fellowmen.
Rizals formal lesson at Ateneo refined
his artistic sensibility, resulting in
further development of his skills in
writing and sculpture.
 Paying homage to his birth place
Inspired him to love nature and
tranquility of his hometown
To have trust and confidence to
Almighty.
 His advocacy
Only through education
Light house guide people
Benefits of the country
Path of virtue and rectitude
Seek knowledge/education for
refinement/love for country
 Atenean education
God centered
Religion serves as a guide and
nourishment to true education
 His completion of the degree Bachiller
en Artes entitled him for admission ot
higher education.
Dona Lolay greatly opposed such idea,
now fearing that higher education will
endanger Rizal and might destroy his
Catholic ways.
 He was not sure of what course to pursue
Suggestions like priesthood or farming,
literature, law or medicine.
Paciano discourage Rizal to take law,
sensing that he might not practice the
profession due to strict laws in the colony.
Unsure, Rizal first enrolled at Philosophy
and Letters during his first year at UST,
1887-88).
 His father wanted Rizal to pursue
Philosophy and he failed to ask advice
from Fr. Ramon Pablo of Ateneo.
At the same time, he also enrolled
surveying course at Ateneo
After first year at UST, he shifted to
medicine mainly due to the advice of
Fr. Ramon Pablo and owing to his
mothers failing eyesight.
 Liceo Artistico Literario de Manila art
lovers, regular competition in literary
writing.
A La Juventud Filipina and El Consejo
de los Dios were adjudged best entry in
the competition
The Filipinos can equal, even surpass
the Spaniards in literary prowess.
 Paciano advised the young Rizal to
pursue education in Europe.
Prodded with nationalism, Rizal
decided to go to Europe seek more
knowledge of western wisdom.
Other than education, one reason why
Rizal went to Europe was to seek help
in the cause of Filipino situation.
 1879 in a literary contest
18 years old
It won grand prize in the competition,
receiving silver quill
It was a classic in Philippine literature
First great poem in Spanish written by a
Filipino
First expression of nationalistic concept;
that Filipinos were the fair hope of
motherland.
 He referred to the Philippines as the
mother land (Mi Patria) political
because Spain is the only motherland,
but Rizal referred to the Philippines as
his motherland political implication of
the poem.
The first Filipino to call his country his
motherland.
 Role of the youth in nation building
THE FAIR HOPE OF THE MOTHERLAND
Challenge the youth
Cultivate their talents in the arts
Develop their knowledge in science
Look forward and break their chain of
bondage.
 Allegory of praise co-equal with Homer
and Virgil
Best entry in the competition that year
Discovering that the author was a Filipino,
the judges decided to give the award to a
Spaniard.
Rizal disproved that Spaniards are more
superior that Filipinos
Prove that Filipinos can compete with
other race.
 Rizal left for Europe abroad Salvatore
on May 3, 1882 and arrived by mid June
in Barcelona. After a few months he
moved to Madrid.
He enrolled at Central University of
Madrid for the licentiate in medicine.
He also took course in philosophy and
letters
He took up lesson in painting and
sculpture.
 French and German lesson as well.
In June 21, 1884, he completed the
course for the licentiate I medicine with
satisfactory grades.
In 1885, he received his licentiate in
philosophy and letters which entitled
him university professorship.
He went to Paris for advanced study in
ophthalmology.
 He went to Germany to learn about eye
ailments
He practiced at the Hospital of
Heidelberg with Dr. Otto Becker
Rizals observation in the kind of
education in Germany opened his mind
to the imperative needs of his country.
 He proposed the book writing project of
the Circulo Hispano-Filipino
He started writing Noli Me Tangere. He
joined Brotherhood of Masons to help
him get more ideas. From Spain he
went to Paris, then finally finishing the
book in Germany.
 Berliner Buchdruckerei-Actien-
Gesselschaft, Setzerinnen-Schule le
Lette Vereins to print the book
He was charge 300.00 for 2,000 copies.
Maximo Viola lend him enough money
and the book was released on May
1887.
 He finally completed the Fili manuscript
in 1891 while in Brussels
He could not publish the book, until
Valentin Ventura helped him financially.
The El Fili finally came out in
September of the same year.
El Fili is the strong indication of the
Spanish colonialism. It portrayed the
society on the brink of a revolution.
 Rizal arrived in the Philippines on June
26, 1892
On July 6, he was summoned at
Malacanang and was questioned about
Podres Frailes attacked against the
Dominicans.
July 14, he was notified about the exile
at Dapitan
 July 17, 1992 arrived at Dapitan
He worked as a farmer
Doctor in the town and island
Teacher
He met Josephine Bracken Mr. George
Taufer 500 3,000
Wanted to build a hospital
 On the eve of July 21, 1896, Dr. Pio
Valenzuele visited Rizal to inform him
about the katipunan
Prevent premature flow of blood
Learn from Cuba
 1894 sought his pardon
1895 review his case and volunteer
as surgeon to Cuba.
July 30, 1896 his request to go to
Cuba was granted
The next day, he sail to Manila on
board steamer Espanya
Spanish cruiser Castilla going to
Barcelona
 On the last day of September, nearing
Malta island, the captain of the ship was
notified of the arrest of Rizal.
On October 6, 1896, Rizal was transferred
to SS Colon to return to Manila, together
in the trip was Spanish soldiers being
sent to Manila to fight the revolution.
November 3, 1896, SS Colon arrived at
Manila and Rizal was taken prisoner at
Fort Santiago.
 December 29, 1896, the verdict was
death and to be shot the next day at
Bagumbayan
Military court composed of 6 officers
Presided by Col. Jose Arjona
Enrique de Alcocer prosecutor
Jose Taviel de Andrade counsel of
Rizal.
 Meaning and History by Ambeth
Ocampo
The I Stories by Augusto V. De Viana
A Question of Heroes by Nick Joaquin
 Final exam
Book, article or journal critique
3 Reflection paper (from the readings);
300 words
Project