WiFi

IEEE 802.11
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 Wi-Fi Overview

wireless fdelity.
IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers) establish 802.11
Group in 1990. Specifications for standard ratified in 1997.
Is a wireless Local Area Network technology
Wi-Fi and the ying yang style logo were invented by Wifi Alliance and
Interbrand.
Wi-Fi Overview

WiFi
IEEE 802.11
Alliance
WiFi Alliance

Non profit standarization organization

Organization that found brand Wi-Fi.
First founded name was
Wireless Ethernet Compatibility Alliance in 1999
IEEE made a standard, then Wi-Fi Alliance certified the product

Wi-Fi CERTIFIED is an internationally-

recognized seal of approval for products indicating that they
have met industry-agreed standards for interoperability,
security, and a range of application specific protocols.
 Vision: Connecting everyone and everything, everywhere
Mission:
Foster highly-effective global collaboration among member
companies
Deliver excellent connectivity experiences through
interoperability
Embrace technology and drive innovation
Promote the adoption of our technologies worldwide
Advocate for fair worldwide spectrum rules
Lead, develop and embrace industry-agreed standards
 WiFi Alliance founder

3Com
Aironet (acquired by Cisco)
Harris Semi Conductor
Lucent
Symbol Technologies
Nokia
WIFI
CHA Roamin
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y

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Roadmap IEEE 802.11

802.11 802.11a 802.11b 802.11g 802.11e 802.11n

(1997) (1999) (1999) (2003) (2005) (2009)
Roadmap IEEE 802.11
Ratified Frequency Definition

802.11 1997 2.4 GHz First Standard

802.11a 1999 5 GHz Operating in the 5 GHz ISM band ; 54 Mbps.
802.11b 1999 2.4 GHz Operating in the 2.4 GHz ISM band ; 11 Mbps.
802.11c 1998 MAC bridging standard to incorporate bridging in
wireless bridges or access points
802.11d 2001 Defines the physical layer requirements: channelization,
hopping patterns
802.11e 2005 Quality of service and prioritisation

802.11f 2006 Handover

802.11g 2003 2.4 GHz In 2.4 GHz ISM band with data rates up to 54 Mbps.
802.11n 2009 2.4 GHz 2.4 and 5 GHz ISM bands ; 600 Mbps
802.11ac 2013 5 GHz Operating < 6GHz ; 1 GBps
802.11ad 2012 60 GHz Very high throughput at frequencies up to 60GHz.
802.11af 2014 54 to 790 MHz Wi-Fi in TV spectrum
802.11ah 2016 900 MHz Spectrum < 1 GHz provide long range communication
802.11 variance
802.11af

54 and 790 Mhz

 802.11 Spec

Advanced
Release date Standard Band(GHz) Bandwidth(Mhz) antenna Data rate (max)
technologies
1997 802.11 2.4 20 DSSS, FHSS N/A 2 Mbit/s
1999 802.11a 2.4 20 OFDM N/A 11Mbit/s
1999 802.11b 5 20 DSSS N/A 54 Mbit/s
2003 802.11g 2.4 20 DSSS.OFDM N/A 54 Mbit/s

MIMO,up to four
2009 802.11n 2.5 and 5 20 and 40 OFDM 600 Mbit/s
spatial streams

2012 802.11ad 60 2160 SC, OFDM Beamforming 6.76 Gbit/s

MIMO, Multi user

2013 802.11ac 5 40, 80, and 60 OFDM MIMO, upto eight 6.93 Gbit/s
spatial streams
 COMPONENT OF WiFi

User equipment
NIC card
bridge

Access point
router
Wifi Channel & Frequency
2.4 GHz Wi-Fi channel frequencies

Range 2401-2495Mhz
20 Mhz wide per channel
Max 8 channel
overlap channel
Overlapping

20MHz wide

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
2.4 GHz WLAN / Wi-Fi Channel availability
Channel Europe North America Japan
Number (ETSI) (FCC)
1
2
3
FYI : Our country
4 Indonesia joining ETSi
5 standard

6 Etsi.org
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14 802.11b
3.6 GHz WiFi band

Range 3657.5 - 3690.0

Max 8 channel
No overlap channel
5 GHz WiFi channels &
frequencies

DFS = Dynamic
Frequency
Selection

TPC = Transmit
Power Control

SRD = Short
Range Devices 25
mW max power
Additional bands and
frequencies
In addition to the more established forms of Wi-Fi, new
formats are being developed that will use new
frequencies and bands
will deliver gigabit transfer speeds are being developed
and introduced
 WIFI Architecture

Independent Basic Service Set Infrasctructure Basic Service Extended Service Set
or Ad-Hoc Set
 Wifi Encryption and
Authentication

Authentication Method
Comparison

Wired Equivalency Protocol (WEP) Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA) Wi-Fi Protected Access 2 (WPA2)
 Encryption Method
Comparison
TKIP AES

Cipher Key Size RC4 AES

128bit encryption 128bit
64bit encryption
Key Lifetime per-packet 48-bit IV 48bit IV
key TKIP mixing function
Integrity Packet Reader Source and destination CCM
addresses protected by
Michael
Packet Data Replay Michael Enforce IV CCM Enforce IV
Detection sequencing sequencing
TKIP - Temporal Key Integrity ProtocolIEEE 802.1X
Key Management AES -IEEE
Advanced
802.1XEncryption Standard
Reference

www.etsi.org
www.wi-fi.org
S.Gast, Matthew. 2005. 802.11 Wireless Networks.
OREILLY
Geier, Jim.2010. Designing and deploying 802.11n
Wireless Network. Cisco Press