T R U CT IO N

CON S
- PL A N N I N G
PRE
Failing to plan is
planning to fail
02/07/17
PLANNING AND SCHEDULING
WITH GANTT CHART
 WHY USE GANTT
CHARTS?
To produce an accurate timescale for the
project
Breaking down the structure
Showing team members how their work
relates to others
Schedule of work on a day to day basis
throughout the entire duration
Able to be used in the critical path method
 How to Use a Gantt Chart
to Plan a Project

YOU CAN PLAN

ALMOST
ANYTHING
USING A
GANTT CHART
 Identifying the Processes for
Project Planning
Use a flow chart or arrow chart to go through
each of the steps which are required to make
sure the project is completed.
How long each of the tasks will last, and how
many resources are needed to complete the
task.
Once you have a list of all these processes
and their relevant information it is then time
to identify the sequence of events.
Mapping the Processes to the
Gantt Chart
. You will need a horizontal axis
which indicates the time. The
time can be broken down into
days or weeks depending on
which scale is the most
appropriate for your plan. On the
left of the page is where you
need to add each of the tasks as
well as the milestones.

Make sure you add the length

each step will take and highlight
vital dates such as specific
milestones if and when they
relate to the set task. For each
of the tasks create a bar which
spans the right length of time
Sharing and Working Together for
the Success of the Project
Visually
collaborate on
the project
plan using
easy to use
Gantt chart
templates
 Using the Information to
Your Advantage
The information can be broken down into
days so that a project manager is able to
see how many people or working on the
project on any one day, which teams are
currently involved and what steps may need
to be taken if a problem halts the
progression of the finalised plan.
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 Critical Path Method
(CPM)
Identifies those chains of activities (critical paths)
that control how long a project will take.
Two variations:
Activity-on-Arrow (AOA)
activities are the arrows or lines
Activity on Node (AON)
also known as a Precedence Diagram
activities are nodes connected together by lines

02/07/17
 Order of Task
Execution - Scheduling
Network Diagrams
Critical Path Method (CPM)
w/in construction - most important

Program Evaluation and Review Technique (PERT)

like a generalized CPM
assumes that an activitys duration cannot be precisely
determined takes most likely, optimistic, pessimistic
estimates computes an expected duration/activity and
expected project duration

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Material Supply

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 Financial and
Budgeting
1. Assemble a budget team
2. Create a budget calendar
3. Prepare for budget process
4. Build the budget
5. Monitor the budget
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1. Set financial goals
2. Gather data and build budget
template
3. Forecast current year results
4. Conduct team kick-off meeting

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 Budget expenses
Budget revenues and
plan alternate scenarios
Forecast cash flow
Secure board approval
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 Building
Procurement
Right
Building
Right Time
Right Place

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 Procurement
Total management process used
when obtaining a building

System of contracting among

client, designer, and contractor
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 Contents
Participants of a construction project have
different
interests

Claims and litigations

How to reduce conflicts/risk of construction

projects

One area, generate conflicts: Procurement

system (project delivery
Of choicesystem)
the procurement
Possibilities system
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 27

Cost Quality

Cheapest Best
Economical Adequate
Reasonable
Fastest In addition:
participants
individual
Time interest

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 Participants of a
Construction Project
Directly involved client, designer,
contractor

Indirectly involved advisor, project

manager,
supervisor
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To produce /create/perform P r o j e c t
a building
a bridge Has to be managed
a road
Planning
Organising
Leading Who will manage?
Commanding In which system ?
Controlling
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 Need of change in procurement method
Traditional Project

Management
Client
Client

Designer
Project
Contractor Management

Preparation Design Designer

Contractor
Tender/bidding
Construction

02/07/17
 One step towards a successful
project
To choose appropriate procurement system and
appoint the manager as early possible for maximum
benefit
Characteristics of the delivery system have to be
understood by the participants
Contract has to contain reasonable allocation of
activities, responsibilities and risk

All the participants have to recognize

responsibilities, act in partnership
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 Proper choice and fully
understanding of delivery
system

Procurement
n help to reduce conflicts on construction projec

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 The Construction Cycle
The main stages are:

Stage 1:
Planning
Stage 2:
Design
Stage 3:
Tendering
Stage 4:
Construction
Process
Stage 5: Handover
Stage 6: Evaluation
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 Planning
Carry out studies to determine the feasibility of the
Clients requirement.

Provide information for report on cost

implication.

Identification of Clients requirements and of

possible c on straints on development.

Preparation of studies to enable the Client to

decide whether to proceed and to select the 02/07/17
 Outline Design
Preparation of Brief by or on behalf of the
Client confirming key requirements and
constraints including:

Outline drawing

Outline specifications

Provide approximate costs for construction

Obtain Client approval of Outline Proposals

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 Detail Design
Complete development of Project Brief
Prepare:

Detailed drawings
Detailed specifications
Preparation of Cost Estimate
Consult statutory authorities (Building Regulations)
Prepare tender documentation including a Bill of
Quantities.

Obtain Client approval to the Detailed Proposals, showing

spatial arrangements, materials and appearance, and a cost
estimate. 02/07/17
 Tendering
Prepare tender documents in sufficient detail to enable a Tender or
Tenders to be obtained for the construction of the Project.

Quantity Surveyor provide Bill of Quantities.

Seek fixed price tender to see which contractor will be selected to

construct the building. The quality of the completed building is
often an important part of this process.

Consider with the Client the appointment of a Contractor.

Consider the responsibilities of the parties, and the authority and

duties of the Architect under the Building Contract.
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 Construction Process
Prepare the Building Contract and arrange for it to
be signed

Appointing the Contractor

Issuing of Production Information to the Contractor,

and arranging site handover to the Contractor.

Prepare site including:

Principal roads and drainage
Excavate foundation
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Construction Process
Build substructure to ground floor level.

Pour sub-floor concrete.

Build wall construction to first floor level.

Place floor joist or slabs.

Build wall construction to second floor or

roof level

Put on roof

First fix building shell in preparation for

plastering
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 Construction Proces
Plastering all internal and external
walls.

Install second fix components,

including doors skirting, radiators,
light switch covers etc.

Install kitchen and bathroom.

Clean, test and handover building.

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 Handover Building

Clean, test and handover building to c

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 Evaluation Process
Review design information from Contractors or
specialists.

Certify valuations of work prepared by others and

present financial reports prepared by others.

Provide Drawings and other information for the Health

and
Safety file.

Give general advice on operation and maintenance of

the building.
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Evaluation Process

02/07/17
 MAINTENANCE PLANNIN
AND SCHEDULING
Effective planning and scheduling contribute significantly
to the following:

Reduced maintenance cost.

Improved utilization of the maintenance workforce by
reducing delays and interruptions.
Improved quality of maintenance work by adopting the
best methods and procedures and assigning the most
qualified workers for the job.
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 Planning and Schedulin
Objectives
Minimizing the idle time of maintenance
workers.

Maximizing the efficient use of work time,

material, and equipment.

Maintaining the operating equipment at a

responsive level to the need of production
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Classification of Maintenance
Work According to Planning and
Scheduling Purposes
Routine maintenance: are maintenance
operations of a periodic nature. They are
planned and scheduled and in advance. They
are covered by blanket orders.

Emergency or breakdown maintenance:

interrupt maintenance schedules in order to
be performed. They are planned and
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Design modifications: are planned and scheduled
and they depend on eliminating the cause of
repeated breakdowns.

Scheduled overhaul and shutdowns of the plant:

planned and scheduled in advanced.

Overhaul, general repairs, and replacement:

planned and scheduled in advanced.

Preventive maintenance: planned and scheduled

in advanced. 02/07/17
 Planning
It comprises all the functions related to the
preparation of:

1. The work order

2. Bill of material
3. Purchase requisition
4. Necessary drawings
5. Labor planning sheet including standard
times
6. All data needed prior to scheduling and
releasing the work order.
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 Planning Procedures

Determine the job content.

Develop work plan. This entails the sequence
of the activities in the job and establishing the
best methods and procedures to accomplish
the job.
Establish crew size for the job.
Plan and order parts and material.
Check if special tools and equipment are
needed and obtain them.
Assign workers with appropriate skills. 02/07/17
 Planning Procedure

Review safety procedures.

Set priorities for all maintenance work.
Assign cost accounts.
Complete the work order.
Review the backlog and develop plans
for controlling it.
Predict the maintenance load using
effective forecasting technique.
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 Basic Levels of Planning Proce
(Depend on The Planning
Horizon)
Long-range planning: it covers a period of 3
to 5 years and sets plans for future activities
and long-range improvement.

Medium-range planning: it covers a period of 1

month to 1 year.

Short-range planning: it covers a period of 1

day to 1 week. It focuses on the determination
of all the elements required to perform
maintenance tasks in advance. 02/07/17
 Reliable Schedule Mus
Take Into Consideratio
A job priority ranking reflecting the criticality
of the job.

The availability of all materials needed for the

work order in the plant.

The production master schedule.

Realistic estimates and what is likely to

happen. 02/07/17
Maintenance Schedule Can be
Prepared at Three Levels
(Depend on The Time Horizon)
1. Long-range (master) schedule

2. Weekly schedule

3. Daily schedule
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 Long-Range (master)
Schedule
Covering a period of 3 months to 1 year.
Based on existing maintenance work orders (blanket
work order, backlog, PM, anticipated EM).
Balancing long-term demand for maintenance work
with available resources.
Spare parts and material could be identified and
ordered in advance.
Subject to revision and updating to reflect changes
in the plans and maintenance work.
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 Weekly Schedule
Covering 1 week.
Generated from the master schedule.
Takes into account current operations
schedules and economic considerations.
Allow 10% to 15% of the workforce to be
available for emergency work.
The schedule prepared for the current week
and the following one in order to consider the
available backlog.
The work orders scheduled in this week are
sequenced based in priority.
CPM and integer programming techniques can
be used to generate a schedule. 02/07/17
 Daily Schedule

Covering 1 day.
Generated from weekly schedule.
Prepared the day before.
Interrupted to perform EM.
Priorities are used to schedule the
jobs.
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 Maintenance Job
Priority System
1. Priorities are established to ensure that the
most critical work is scheduled first.
2. It is developed under coordination with
operations staff.
3. It should be dynamic.
4. It must be updated periodically to reflect
changes in operation and maintenance
strategies.
5. It typically includes three to ten levels of
02/07/17
 Scheduling Techniques

The objective of the scheduling techniques is to

construct a time chart showing:

The start and finish for each job.

The interdependencies among jobs.
The critical jobs that require special attention
and effective monitoring.

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 Scheduling Technique

Such techniques are:

Modified Gantt chart

CPM
PERT
Integer and stochastic
programming 02/07/17