SEMINAR ON TCP/IP

GUIDED BY: PREPARED BY:

MR. PRAVIN MADHA ARCHANA PATEL
&
HETAL SHAH
 WHY TCP/IP
 The internet exists today because of technical software
and communication accomplishments made during the
late 1970s and early 1980s.

 The basic TCP/IP technology has accommodated growth

and changes that the original designers did not imagine.

 Computers now operate 200 times faster than the

computers that existed when TCP/IP was first built.
 INTRODUCTION
 TCP/IP is Transmission control protocol /
Internetworking protocol.
 Developed between 1973 and 1981 as a part of U.S.
government department of defense networking project
known as a DARPA. The network was then called the
ARPANET.
 It was developed prior to the OSI model.
 Therefore the layers in TCP/IP protocol suite do not
match exactly with those in the OSI model.
 ABOUT REFERENCE MODEL
 TCP/IP reference model is made up of four to five
layers.

 Different layers have their own functionalities that is

shown in reference model.

 In four- layer reference model physical layer and data

link layer works as a single layer.
TCP/IP REFERENCE MODEL
TCP/IP PROTOCOL SUITE
APPLICATION LAYER PROTOCOLS

1) FTP (file transfer protocol):

file transfer protocol is the standard mechanism
provided by TCP/IP for copying a file from one host to another.

FTP requires two connections for data transfer:

1) control connection
2) data connection

2)HTTP(hypertext transfer protocol):

hypertext transfer protocol is a protocol used mainly to
access data on the world wide web.
 HTTP functions like combination of FTP & SMTP.

3)SMTP (Simple mail transfer protocol)

the TCP/IP protocol that supports electronic
mail on the Internet is called SMTP.
SMTP provides for mail exchange between
users on the same or different computers.

4)SNMP (simple network management

protocol)
simple network management protocol is a
framework for managing devices in an Internet using the
TCP/IP protocol suite. and it monitors and maintains the
Internet.
5)TELNET:
TELNET is a client/server application that
allows a user to log on to a remote machine, giving the
user access to the remote system.
 TRANSPORT LAYER PROTOCOLS

1)TCP(Transmission control protocol)

transmission control protocol provides full
transport layer services to application.
TCP is a connection oriented and reliable
protocol because it provides functionalities like error
checking and flow control.
2)UDP(user datagram protocol)
UDP is a connection less and unreliable
protocol.
 INTERNET LAYER PROTOCOLS

1)IP (internetworking protocol):

IP is an unreliable and connection less
datagram protocol.
IP transports data in packets called datagram,
each of which is transported separately.
2)ARP(address resolution protocol):
the ARP is used to associate an IP address
with the physical address.
ARP is used to find the physical address of
the node when its internet address is known.
3) RARP (reverse address resolution
protocol)

the RARP allows a host to discover its internet

address when it knows only its physical address .

RARP is used when a computer is connected

to the network for the first time.
 TCP/IP SECURITY

As usage of the Internet and TCP/IP

protocols increases, their lack of built-in security has
become more and more problematic.

The problems with TCP/IP are solved by

the next generation internetworking protocol(IPv6 or
IPng)
 IPv6 (IPng)

IPv6 (Internet Protocol Version 6) is the latest

level of the Internet Protocol (IP) and is now included as
part of IP support in many products including the major
computer Operating System.. IPv6 has also been called
"IPng" (IP Next Generation).

The most obvious improvement in IPv6 over

the IPv4 is that IP addresses are lengthened from 32
bits to 128 bits.
 IN SUMMARY…………..

The internet represents a technical

accomplishments although careful planning and
attention to detail contribute to its success , agreement
among researchers to demonstrate a practical working
system force them to demonstrates ideas and eliminate
weakness.
 Q/A

THANK YOU !!!!!