Академический Документы
Профессиональный Документы
Культура Документы
Coursenotes:
Tobedistributedviaemailinpptformat
Gradescriteria:(QZs,MidtermExam,FinalExam,see
coursesyllabus)
Phone:x6594,EECE207 1
ProfessorLeonidTsybeskov email:leonid.tsybeskov@adm.njit.edu
Introduction to Semiconductor
Devices: Course Structure
1. Brief Review of Semiconductor Physics:
2
Introduction to Semiconductor
Devices
2. Diodes and Contacts. Schottky diodes. Ohmic
contacts. P-n junctions. Photodiodes and Solar
Cells.
3. MOS capacitors and MOSFETs
FET principle of operation. Family of FETs.
Charge control models. MOSFET threshold
voltage. Velocity saturation. MOSFET
modeling. FET small signal equivalent circuit.
CMOS. Physical constraints on MOSFET
performance. Compound semiconductor
3
MESFETs.
Introduction to Semiconductor
Devices
4. (Depending on the class performance)
Optical Properties of Semiconductors.
Optoelectronic devices: light emitters,
photodetectors, modulators and waveguides.
Semiconductor laser diodes
4
Introduction to Semiconductor
Devices
Motivation
6
Introduction to Semiconductor
Devices
Better than magic of Wizard of Oz,
The king of devices is now CMOS.
10
Semiconductor Devices => VLSI =>
Microprocessors => Computers
11
Summary of Progress in
Semiconductor Devices
Semiconductors devices and integrated circuits
12
Introduction to Semiconductor
Physics: Major Physical Constants
Dielectric permittivity of vacuum
Electron charge
Boltzmanns constant
Plancks constant
Free electron mass
17
Chemical Bonds: Metallic Crystals
In metallic
bonding the
valence electrons
from
the metal atoms
form a "cloud of
electrons" which
fills the space
between the metal
ions and "glues"
the ions together.
18
Chemical Bonds: Ionic Crystals
22
Crystal Structure: Briefly
An amorphous solid is a solid in which there is no long-range
order of the positions of the atoms. Most classes of solid
materials can be found or prepared in an amorphous form. For
instance, common window glass is an amorphous ceramic.
Amorphous materials are often prepared by rapidly cooled
molten material. The cooling reduces the mobility of the
material's molecules before they can pack into a more
thermodynamically favorable crystalline state. In common
parlance, the term glass refers to amorphous oxides, and
especially silicates (compounds based on silicon and oxygen).
23
Crystal Structure: Briefly
The ball-and-spring model of
solids in which the springs
represent the inter-atomic
bonds. Each ball (atom) is
linked to its neighbors by
springs. Atomic vibrations in
a solid involve 3 dimensions.
An atom vibrating about its
equilibrium position stretches
and compresses its springs to
Lattice vibration is the neighbors and has both
characterized by quasi- kinetic and potential energy.
particles called phonons 24
Phonons: Briefly
A phonon is a quantized mode of vibration occurring in a
rigid crystal lattice, such as the atomic lattice of a solid.
Phonons play a major role in many of the physical properties
of solids, including a material's thermal and electrical
conductivities. In particular, the properties of long-
wavelength phonons give rise to sound in solids -- hence the
name phonon from the Greek (phon) means voice.
In insulating solids, phonons are also the primary mechanism
by which heat conduction takes place (see
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phonon).
25
Phonons: Briefly
Phonons are a quantum mechanical version of a vibrational
motion, also known as normal modes in classical mechanics,
in which each part of a lattice oscillates with the same
frequency. These normal modes are important because,
according to a well-known result in classical mechanics, any
arbitrary vibrational motion of a lattice can be considered as
a superposition of normal modes with various frequencies; in
this sense, the normal modes are the elementary vibrations of
the lattice. Although normal modes are wave-like
phenomena in classical mechanics, they acquire certain
particle-like properties when the lattice is analyzed using
quantum mechanics (see wave-particle duality).
26
Crystal Structure: A Unit Cell
29
Crystal Structure: Zinc Blend
The zinc blende (ZnS)
cubic crystal structure.
Many important III-V
compound crystals have
the zinc blende structure.
Examples: AlAs, GaAs,
GaP, GaSb, InAs, InP,
InSb, ZnS, ZnTe.
30
Crystal Structure: Elemental
Lattices and Systems
All known crystal structures can be represented using the
seven crystal systems (unit cell geometries) and fourteen
Bravais lattices.
31
Crystal Structure: Elemental
Lattices and Systems
All known crystal structures can be represented using the
seven crystal systems (unit cell geometries) and fourteen
Bravais lattices.
32
Crystal Structure: Elemental
Lattices and Systems
All known crystal structures can be represented using the
seven crystal systems (unit cell geometries) and fourteen
Bravais lattices.
33
Crystal Structure: Elemental
Lattices and Systems
All known crystal structures can be represented using the
seven crystal systems (unit cell geometries) and fourteen
Bravais lattices.
34
Crystal Structure: Elemental
Lattices and Systems
All known crystal structures can be represented using the
seven crystal systems (unit cell geometries) and fourteen
Bravais lattices.
35
Crystal Structure: Anisotropy of
major properties
Definitions of anisotropy:
Anisotropy (pronounced with stress on the third
syllable), is the property of being directionally
dependent, as opposed to isotropy, which means
homogeneity in all directions. It can be defined as a
difference in a physical property (absorbance, refractive
index, density, etc. ...
37