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Design specification
Testing of materials
Calculating target strength for mix proportioning
Selecting water/cement ratio
Calculating water content
Calculating cement content
Finding out volume proportions for Coarse aggregate & fine aggregate
Mix calculations
Trial mixing and
Workability measurement (using slump cone method)
Repeat trail mixing and workability measurement until all requirements is
fulfilled.
STEP 1-DESIGN SPECIFICATIONS
This is the step where we gather all the required information for
designing a concrete mix:
Grade designation (whether M10, M15, M20 etc)
Type of cement to be used
Maximum nominal size of aggregates
Minimum cement content
Maximum water-cement ratio
Workability
Exposure conditions (As per IS-456-Table-4)
Method of transporting & placing
Type of aggregate (angular, sub angular, rounded etc)
Type of admixture to be used (if any)
STEP 2-TESTING OF MATERIALS
There are various test performed on materials used for
concrete mix design i.e cement ,aggregates ,water
,admixtures.
Types of cement tests
Field tests Laboratory tests
Specific gravity
test
Fineness of cement
Specific surface of
cement
Standard consistency
and setting time
Soundness of cement
Compressive strength of
cement
Standard Consistency Test
Used to determine initial and final setting time.
Plunger size:110mm dia,50mm
Vicads apparatus is used
length
To be penetrated at a depth of 33-
35mm from top
Specific Gravity of both Coarse & Fine Aggregate is required for calculation of
Concrete Mix Design.
In this the sample should be free from free surface moisture and should be
taken in Surface Dry Condition.
The moisture content and absorption of aggregates are important in
calculating the proportions of concrete mixes since any excess water in the
aggregates will be incorporated in the cement paste and give it a higher
water/cement ratio than expected
SILT CONTENT TEST OF SAND
This test is done so as to determine the silt content in
sand.
If silt content by weighing exceeds 3% then washing of
sand is necessary, so the permissible limit of silt
content in sand must not exceed the values as
specified.
BULKING OF SAND
When sand is damp, the water coating on the surface of each
sand particle causes separation of particles from one another due
to surface tension.
This causes sand to bulk.
Bulked sand occupies more volume and hence if volumetric
measuring is done while proportioning it, bulking correction is
necessary.
FINENESS MODULUS
Fineness modulus is generally used to get an idea of how
coarse and fine the aggregate is.
More fine modulus value indicates that the aggregate is
coarser and small value of fineness modulus indicates that
the aggregate is finer.
Super plasticizers
Set-Retarding
Air-Entrainment
Accelerating
Shrinkage Reducing
Corrosion-Inhibiting
Super plasticizers
The main purpose of using super plasticizers is to produce flowing concrete.
With a high slump in the range of 7-9 inches.
Which is to be used in heavily reinforced structures and in placements where adequate
consolidation by vibration cannot be readily achieved.
Set-Retarding
It is used to delay the chemical reaction that takes place when the concrete starts the setting
process.
These are commonly used to reduce the effect of high temperatures that could produce a faster
initial setting of concrete.
Retarders can also be used to resist cracking due to form deflection that can occur when
horizontal slabs are placed in sections.
Air-Entrainment
The entrained air bubbles act as a physical buffer against the cracking caused by the
stresses.
Air entrainers are compatible with almost all the concrete admixtures.
Typically for every 1% of entrained air, compressive strength will be reduced by about 5%.
BENEFITS:-
High resistance to cycles of wetting and drying
High degree of workability
High degree of durability
Accelerating
Used to reduce concrete setting time.
The most common accelerator is Calcium chloride.
These are especially useful for modifying the properties of concrete in cold weather.
Shrinkage Reducing
Corrosion-Inhibiting
These are used to slow corrosion of reinforcing steel in concrete.
These admixtures have little effect on strength at later ages but may accelerate early strength
development.
Calcium nitrite based corrosion inhibitors do accelerate the setting times of concretes over a
range of curing temperatures unless they are formulated with a set retarder to offset the
accelerating effect.
STEP 3-TARGET STRENGTH CALCULATION
STEP 10-MEASUREMENT OF
WORKABILITY(By using slump test)
The workability of the trial mix no.1 shall be
measured carefully .
STEP-11.REPEATING TRIAL MIXES