Presented by:

Marium Afaq Ahmed

Maria Nusrat
INTRODUCTION :
Analysis of H2O2 in a sample solution
can be carried out by volumetric
analysis also known as titrimetric
analysis which involves oxidation
reduction reaction or redox reaction.
GENERAL DESCRIPTION:
Hydrogen Peroxide is a is a strong oxidizing
agent and a weak acid in water solution.
The formula is similar to that of water,
with an extra atom of oxygen attached, H2O2.
It is completely soluble in water.
The most valuable property of hydrogen
peroxide is that it breaks down into water and
oxygen and therefore does not form any
persistent, toxic residual compounds.
It is used in the processes of epoxidation,
oxidation, hydroxylation and reduction.
APPLICATIONS:
Its oxidizing properties are used in the
bleaching and deodorizing for textile, hair and
in paper manufacture.

It is also used medicinally as an antiseptic.

Its application involves the production of

chemicals, e.g. organic peroxides, per hydrates.

It is also used in water and sewage treatment,

mining, electronics, food and cosmetic industry.
PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL
PROPERTIES:
pH of H2O2:
Pure hydrogen peroxide has a pH of 6.2; thus it is
considered to be a weak acid. The pH can be as low
as 4.5 when diluted at approximately 60%.

Appearance:
Very light blue color; colorless in solution.

Odor:
Slightly sharp.

Density:
1.110 g/cm3 (20 C, 30-percent)
1.450 g/cm3 (20 C, pure).
Melting point:
-0.43 C, 273 K, 31 F.

Boiling point:
150.2 C, 423 K, 302 F.

Solubility in water:
Miscible.

Solubility:
Soluble in ether, alcohol and insoluble
in petroleum ether.

Acidity:
11.75.
 HAZARDOUS EFFECTS:
Hydrogen peroxide vapors can form sensitive
contact explosives with hydrocarbons

Concentrated hydrogen peroxide (>50%) is

corrosive, and even domestic-strength solutions

can cause irritation to the eyes, mucous

membranes and skin.

Swallowing hydrogen peroxide solutions is

particularly dangerous, as decomposition in the

stomach releases large quantities of gas

leading to internal bleeding.

Inhaling over 10% can cause severe pulmonary

irritation
CHEMICALS AND REAGENTS
K2Cr2O7 (solid)

Na2S2O3.5H20 (solid)

NaHCO3 (solid)

HCl (dilute solution)

KI (solid)

Starch (solution)

H2SO4 (dilute solution)

CHEMICAL EQUATIONS
Reaction of NaHCO3 with H2S04
2NaHCO3 + H2SO4 Na2S04 + 2H2O + 2CO2

Ionization of K2Cr2O7 in Aqueous solution

K2Cr2O7 H20
2K++Cr2O7-2

Reduction of Cr2O7-2 into Cr+3

Cr2O7-2 + 6e- + 14H+ Cr+3+7H2O

Ionization of KI in Aqueous solution

KI H20
K + + I-

Oxidation of I- into I2
2I- I2 + 2e-

Balancing of No. of Electrons (in

Equation 5)
Net Equation (adding Equation 3 and 6)
14H+ +Cr2O7-2+6I- 2Cr+3 + 7H2O+3I2

Ionization of Na2S2O3.5H2O in Aqueous

Solution
Na2S2O3 2Na+ + S2O3-2

Oxidation of S2O3-2 into S4O6-2

2S2O3-2 2e- + S4O6-2

Reduction of I2 into I-
I2 +2e- 2I-

Net equation (adding Equation 9 and 10)

2S2O3-2+I2 S4O6-2 +2I-
Ionization of H2O2 in Aqueous
Solution
H2O2 H2O + 2H+ +O2-2
Reduction of O2-2 into H2O
2e- + 4H+ + O2-2 2H2O

Oxidation of I- into I2
2I- I2 + 2e-

Net equation (adding Equation 13 and

14)
4H+ + O2-2 + 2I- 2H20+ I2

Reaction of NaHCO3 with HCl

NaHCO3 + HCl NaCl +H2O+ CO2
PROCEDURE
Standardization of Na2S2O3.5H2O Solution
1.Calculate the weight of K2Cr207 to prepare its 0.01M
standard solution in 100 ml volumetric flask.
2.Prepare 0.01M standard K2Cr207 solution in 100 ml
volumetric flask.
Weigh.g of K2Cr2O7 accurately in a vial, transfer to a 100
ml volumetric flask, dissolve in distilled water and make the
volume of the solution up to the mark with distilled water.

3.Calculate the weight of Na2S2O3.5H2O to prepare about 250

ml of about 0.06M Na2S2O3.5H20 solution.
4.Prepare about 250 ml of about 0.06 M Na2S2O3.5H2O
solution in a beaker. Weigh aboutgram of Na2S2O3.5H20
on watch glass, transfer to a beaker, dissolve in distilled
water and make the volume of the solution up to about 250
with distilled water.

5.Rinse and fill the burette with Na2S2O3.5H2O solution,

6.Transfer 10.0/25.0ml standard K2Cr2O7 solution to an
iodometric flask with a pipette, about 2g NaHCO3 (two or
three spatula), about 20 ml of about 4M HCl solution with a
measuring cylinder and about 2g (two or three spatula) of
solid KI to it. Cover the iodometric flask with stopper, shake
the content of the iodometric flask and keep it in the dark for
about 5 minutes. After 5 minutes titrate the content of the
iodometric the flask against Na2S2O3.5H20 solution until
brown solution present in the iodometric flask turns pale
yellow. Add about 2ml starch solution to the pale yellow
solution present in the iodometric flask.(the pale yellow
solution present in the iodometric flask turns dark blue.)
Continue to titrate the content of the iodometric flask
against Na2S2O3.5H20 solution until the dark blue solution
present in the iodometric flask turns sea green. Note the
final burette reading.
7.Repeat step 6 until concordant reading obtains and
calculate the molarity of prepared Na2S203.5H2O solution.
Analysis of Sample Solution:

8.Make the volume of the sample solution up to the

mark with distilled water and perform step 9-10
9.Transfer 10.0/25.0 ml of sample solution to an
iodometric flask from the burette, about 2g NaHCO3
(two or three spatula),about 20 ml dilute H2SO4 solution
with a measuring cylinder and about 2g(two or three
spatula) of solid KI to it. Cover the iodometric flask with
stopper , shake the content of the iodometric flask and
keep it in the dark for about 5 minutes. After 5 minutes
titrate the content of the iodometric flask against
standard Na2S203.5H20 solution until brown solution
present in the iodometric flask turns pale yellow. Add
about 2ml starch solution to the pale yellow solution
present in the iodometric flask.(the pale yellow solution
present in the iodometric flask turns dark
blue.)Continue to titrate the content of the iodometric
flask against standard Na2S203.5H20 solution until the
dark blue solution present in the iodometric flask turns
colorless. Note the burette reading.
OBSERVATION
Total volume of sample solution=250.0ml

Weight of K2Cr2O7=a g

Molar mass of K2Cr2O7=294.1918g/mol

Weight of Na2S2O3.5H20=about b g/about

250ml

Molar mass of
Na2S2O3.5H2O=248.1393g/mol

Molar mass of H2O2=34.0147g/mol

Standardization of Na2S2O3.5H2O solution

Volume of standard K2Cr2O7 solution=10.0ml

Amount of NaHCO3=about 2g
Volume of HCl solution=about 20ml
Amount of KI=about 3 spatula
Indicator: starch
Volume of Na2S2O3 solution consumed:

S.NO Initial Final Difference Concordant

Reading Reading (ml) Reading
(ml) (ml) (ml)

1. a b x
2. b c y x
3. c d x
Analysis of Sample solution of H2O2

Volume of sample solution=10.0ml

Amount of NaHCO3=about 3 spatula
Volume of dilute H2SO4=about 20ml
Amount of KI=about 3 spatula
Indicator: starch
Volume of standard Na2S2O3.5H2O solution consumed:

S.NO Initial Final Difference Concordant

Reading Reading (ml) Reading
(ml) (ml) (ml)

1. a b Y
2. b c Z Y
3. c d Y
CALCULATIONS
Determination of Weight of K2Cr2O7 to prepare its 0.01M Standard
K2Cr2O7 Solution
Weight of K2Cr2O7=Molarity x molar mass x volume / 1000
Weight of K2Cr2O7=0.01 x 294.1918 x 100.0 / 1000
Weight of K2Cr2O7=0.2941g/100.0ml

Determination of Molarity of prepared standard K2Cr2O7 Solution

Molarity of prepared standard K2Cr2O7=Weight of K2Cr2O7 x 1000

Molarity of prepared standard K2Cr2O7= molar

a x 1000 / 294.1918
mass x volumex 100.0
Molarity of prepared standard K2Cr2O7= c.abcd M

Determination of Weight of Na2S2O3.5H2O to prepare its about 250 ml

of about 0.06 M Solution
Weight of Na2S2O3.5H2O=Molarity x molar mass x volume / 1000
Weight of Na2S2O3.5H2O=0.06 x 248.1393 x 259 / 1000
Weight of Na2S2O3.5H2O=about 3.7g/about 250ml
Standardization of prepared Na2S2O3.5H2O Solution

1000ml standard K2Cr2O7 Solution contains c mol of K2Cr2O7

1ml standard K2Cr2O7 Solution contains c / 1000 mol of K2Cr2O7
10.0ml standard K2Cr2O7 solution contains c x 10.0 / 1000 mol of K2Cr2O7
=d mol of K2Cr2O7
1K2Cr2O7=6Na2S2O3.5H2O
1 mol of K2Cr2O7=6xdmol of Na2S2O3
=e mol of Na2S2O3

x ml Na2S2O3 solution contains e mol of Na2S2O3.5H2O

1ml Na2S2O3.5H2O solution contains e /x ml mol of Na2S2O3.5H2O
1000ml Na2S2O3.5H2O Solution contains e x 1000 / x mol of
Na2S2O3.5H20
=f mol of Na2S2O3.5H2O

So, the concentration of prepared Na2S2O3.5H2O solution = f M

 Analysis of Sample Solution of H2O2
Determination of No. mol of H2O2 Present in 250.0 ml Sample
Solution

1000ml standard Na2S2O3.5H2O solution contains f mol of Na2S2O3.5H20

1ml standard Na2S2O3.5H2O solution contains f / 1000 mol of Na2S2O3.5H2O
y ml standard Na2S2O3.5H2O solution contains f x y / 1000 mol of Na2S2O3.5H20
=g mol of Na2S2O3.5H2O
2Na2S2O3.5H20=1H2O2
1 mole H202 x2 mol of Na2S2O3.5H2O
2 mol of Na2S2O3.5H2O
= h mol of H2O2

10.0 ml sample solution contains h mol of H2O2

1ml sample solution contains h/10.0 mol of H2O2
250.0 ml sample solution contains h x 250.0 / 10.0 mol of H2O2
= i mol of H2O2

So, the no. of mol of H2O2 present in sample solution = i mol of H2O2

Determination of weight of H2O2 present in 250.0 ml sample solution

Weight of H2O2 = No. of mol of H2O2 x molar mass of H2O2
 The no. of mol of H2O2 present in the sample
solution is found to be i mol / 250.0ml

The weight of H2O2 present in sample solution is

found to be j g /250.0ml