Introduction To Offshore Drilling & Subsea System - Part II - Rev 0

part of Aker
Part II: Subsea Production Systems

Presented by: Mohd Zaini Kadir Tie-In Manager,
Subsea System
April 2011
2009 Aker Solutions 2008 Aker Solutions

Content
1. Part II: Subsea Production System
Flowline
Xmas Trees Connection Subsea Control
Manifold Structure
Systems Systems Systems
(Tie-In System)
Steel Tube
Umbilical
2008 Aker Solutions part of Aker

Oil & Gas - From reservoir to processing facility
1 Land-based production and
processing
2 Terminals
3 Marine concrete structures for
harsh environments 3 1
5 2
4 Floating production, storage & 6 4
offloading (FPSO) vessels
5 Mooring and transfer systems 7
6 Floating LNG and methanol 12

systems 11
8
7 Drilling systems 10 13
8 Tension Leg Platforms (TLP)
9 Riser and tether technologies 9 14
16
10 Semisubmersibles
11 Deep draft semisubmersibles 15
12 LNG terminals, onshore and

offshore
13
Topsides and modules 17
14 Installation and removal
(floatover/mating) 19
15 18
Jacket technology
20
16 Pipelines and flow assurance
17 Subsea solutions
18
Umbilicals and flowlines
19 Downhole technologies
20 Reservoir modelling and
interpretation
Concept
Exploration Operation Rem-
screening FEED EPC Inst.
& drilling oval
& selection Maint. Mod. Maint.
Introduction to Subsea World

Subsea Areas of Operation

Subsea Production System

Subsea Field Developments
Manifolds and Field Developments
Satellites Well off by itself.
Daisy Chain wells linked together in series.
Integrated Template wells drilled thru manifold structure.
Cluster group wells surrounding manifold.

1. Satellite Wells
Subsea wells installed individually on the
XMT #1 seabed, with dedicated flowlines back to
XMT #2 a surface processing facility.
XMT #3 Advantages:
Simple and cheap
XMT #4 Flexible
Pay as you go
Field proven technology
Expandable
Disadvantages:
Dedicated flowlines/ Umbilicals.

Complex flowline hook-up
Complex controls distribution.
Platform

2. Daisy Chain Wells
Subsea wells installed separately and
XMT#1
linked to an adjacent subsea well,
possibly sharing a test flowline.
Advantages:
Similar to satellites
XMT#2
XMT#3 Simple and cheap
Flexible
Expandable
Possibly fewer flowlines than for
satellites
Disadvantages:
Complex controls distribution

Flowline needed for each well
Platform
Deviated drilling may be needed.

2. Daisy Chain Wells

3. Integrated Templates
Subsea wells installed on a pre-positioned
XMT#3 XMT#1
XMT#4 XMT#2
Manifold drilling template on the seabed. Each well
having a dedicated flowline to surface.
Advantages:
Common datum for wells.

Flowline porch for multiple connections.
Manifold can be added later.
Disadvantages:
Dedicated flowlines / Umbilicals may be

used.
Limited slots available.
Pre-production investment in template
Platform necessary.

3. Integrated Templates

4. Cluster Manifold Subsea satellites wells installed
individually linked to a central manifold
XMT#3 where production is commingled.
Advantages:
XMT#1
Flexibility of satellites.
Fewer flowlines.
Manifold Centralized controls system.
Advantageous fro dropped object
avoidance.
XMT#2
Disadvantages:
Complex flowline connection.

Subsea chokes.
Limited Slots for production tie-in.
Platform

4. Cluster Manifolds

Subsea Facilities
Trees and components
Monobore Vertical Tree
Dual bore
Horizontal Tree
Manifolds and Components
Flowline and Jumper Systems

Subsea Tree

Xmas Tree Systems
Xmas Tree Functions:

Safety barrier
Safely stop produced or injected
fluid
Injection of chemicals to well or
flowline
Allow for control of downhole
valves
Allow for electrical signals to
downhole gauges
To bleed of excessive pressure
from annulus
Regulate fluid flow through a
choke (not mandatory)
Allow for well intervention
Xmas Tree (FKS, Girassol):

Subsea Tree Types
Vertical Tree Vertical Tree Horizontal Tree

Concentric Bore Dual Bore Tree

X-Mas Tree System
Workover interface
XT Schematic
PMV Production Master Valve
PTT
PWV Production Wing Valve
AMV Annulus Master Valve
ACV
AVV
AWV Annulus Wing Valve PMV PTT
ACV Annulus Circulation Valve Control XOV
Module
XOV Cross Over Valve PWV
AWV
SCSSV Surface Controlled AMV Manifold/Flow-
Subsurface Safety Valve line I/F
PTT Pressure/Temperature
Transmitter Umbilical /
HP Supply Manifold
I/F
LP Supply
Return
SCSSV 1
SCSSV 2

X-Mas Tree System
Annulus
Retain packer fluid
Allow for continuous injection of
chemicals downhole
Allow for hydraulic fluid to downhole
valves
Allow for electrical signals to
downhole gauges
Allow for gas injection for gas lift
production
Monitor for leak in production tubing

X-Mas Tree System
Two main types of subsea trees are used in modern offshore technology:
1. Horizontal XT
2. Conventional or Dual Bore tree
Tree cap
Wire line plugs Swab

Valve
PWV
PMV
Tubing Hanger
Horizontal XT Dual Bore XT

The Tap
To isolate and
regulate flow
Production XMT

Water Injection XMT

Landing Tree
Movie

Manifold Introduction
Definition: Subsea Production Manifold

A subsea structure containing valves and pipework designed to
combine the fluids of one or more subsea production Christmas
trees and to direct the fluids down one or more export flow lines.
Definition: Subsea Injection Manifold

A subsea structure containing valves and pipework designed to
distribute injection fluids from one or more injection flow lines to
one or more subsea injection Christmas trees. Injection fluids may
be water, natural gas or both.

Manifold Types
Template Manifold a drill-through structure designed to house
multiple subsea christmas trees.
Cluster Manifold a stand-alone structure designed to direct fluids
for multiple subsea Christmas trees placed around it.
Pipeline End Manifold (PLEM) a simpler version of a cluster
manifold generally designed to direct fluids for only or two subsea
Christmas trees. A PLEM generally connects directly to a subsea
flow line without the use of a pipeline end termination (PLET).

Template Manifold

Cluster Manifold

Pipeline End Manifold (PLEM)

Manifold System Deepwater - Components
Manifold
Leveling system
Suction Anchor
Control System

Manifold System Deepwater
Manifold
Control system
Tie-in system
Large-bore Piping
Small-bore Piping
Structure

Piping Small- and Large-bore
MCM MB
Branch Valve Cluster
Small-bore envelope
ROV-Panel
Header
Branch

VCM on MF Top Tie-in systems

( Reliance )
Possible tie-in systems on standard manifold
VCM with Guide-rails

( Kikeh ) VCM no guide
( Marimba )
GHO Solid Jumper
( Dalia )
GHO Flexible Jumper
( Gimboa )

Leveling System
Manifold
Funnel-down
Mono-post Vent./suction hatch
Suction anchor
Mono-post Support ( Kikeh )

Aker Solutions Subsea Structures installed 2003 - 2006
Kristin Templates 2003 Kristin Manifolds 2004
Fram st Templates
2005
Dalia Manifolds 2005 Kikeh Manifolds 2006

Manifold Deployment Methods
Vessels
Drill Rig : Through moon pool or keel-hauled on drill string.

Heavy Lift vessels (Derrick Barges): Through moon pool or over
side
Work-class vessels: over side on crane or winch.
Equipment
Manifold hydraulic installation tool.

Sling sets, either wire rope or synthetic fiber.

Moon Pool Deployment

Work Vessel Deployment
Movie

Foundation Types
Mud Mats A simple foundation resting directly on the seabed,
generally with a short skirt around the perimeter to resist lateral
loads.
Piles long cylindrical structure embedded into the soil intended to
hold a subsea structure above the seabed. Foundation may utilize
one or more individual piles.
Jetted Piles
Driven Piles
Suction Piles
Intermediate Structure an intermediate structure can be used to
interface a subsea manifold with a pile foundation to reduce weight
on the manifold structure or to ease retrieval on the manifold.
Intermediate structures can be either retrievable or permanent
structures.
Manifold with Mudmat

Tri-Suction Pile

Single Cylinder Suction Pile
Lifting-eye
Top-plate with
Stiffeners inside
Ventilation hatch with

Suction system
Shell plates
Ventilation holes

Flowline Tie-in System
As subsea developments are going deeper with higher pressure and
increased temperatures, the cost increases accordingly. In the past
few
years Aker Solutions has developed connection systems to meet
market expectations in terms of cost as well as safety and reliability for
any conditions.

Introduction
Definition: Flowline tie-in Connection of a flowline to a subsea
facility. This includes connection to any of the following subsea
facilities:
Trees
Manifolds
Templates
PLET (Pipeline End Termination)
PLEM (Pipeline End Monifolds)

Jumper Functionality
Connect flowlines to manifolds and manifolds to trees
Contain rated working pressures.
Accommodates thermal expansion, contraction and misalignment.
Insulated for hydrate prevention

Manifold
Tree

Aker Solutions Connection systems
Vertical
Vertical Connection System (VCM / VCS)
Horizontal VCS
Guide & Hinge-Over (GHO)
Horizontal Connection System (HCS)
Big Brother RTS (BBRTS)
ROV operated Tie-in System (RTS)
HCS
BBRTS RTS GHO

Vertical Connection Systems (VCM)
No connection tool required

Only torque tool
Contingecy Pull down tool
ROV make up by standard torque tool
Clamp or Split Ring Connector
Gooseneck or Swivel connection
First and second end connection
Water depth 3000 m.
Connection Tooling

Vertical Connection Systems (VCM)
Vertical Connection Systems
1st or 2nd end connections
Applicable for umbilicals, flexible
or rigid lines
ROV make up by torque tool or
hydraulic tool module VCM WITH SWIVEL DUAL BORE VCM
SINGLE BORE VCM
WITH GOOSENECK
FOR RIGID JUMPER
Clamp or collet connector (mono
or multi bore)
Gooseneck or Swivel connection
(Piggable or non piggable)

Vertical Connection System (VCS)
Seal retained in upper hub/connector well
protected
Seal Replacement and Hub cleaning without
retrieving the jumper
No Large Running tool required
Minimum requirement of ROV tools
Fast Installation
Multiple jumper installations can be performed

with connection tools remaining subsea
No guide rail on structures required
High Load capacity
Applicable for Rigid, Flexible & Umbilical lines
8 deg alignment capacity for rigid jumpers

and up to 15 deg for flexible/umbilical Quick & Easy
Installation
VCS Installation Sequence
1 2 3

Horizontal Connection systems (HCS)
Big Brother RTS (BBRTS)
ROV operated Tie-in System (RTS)
Guide & Hinge-Over (GHO)
BBRTS
GHO HCS RTS

Guide & Hinge Over (GHO)

Now we
need to
connect
the tree
to the
manifold

Well Jumper & Flowline Spool Installation
Animation

High degree of re-use from field-proven GHO
(Dalia) design.
Designed for installation with guidewire to
accommodate for harsh weather conditions
Applicable for guidewire-less installation
Quick, easy changes to switch between
guidewire and guidewire-less
Applicable for Shallow Water and Deep
Water
High load capacity compared to RTS
Applicable for Rigid, Flexible or Umbilical
lines
Allow retrieval of XT/ manifold without
removal of the spool/jumper
Seal Replacement and Hub cleaning without
retrieving the jumper.
Only using lightweight ROV carried tools.

HCS Rigid Spool Installation
3
1 2
4 5 1. Lower termination until landed on

porch
2. Disconnect spreader beam
3. Stroke termination towards IB hub
using ROV carried stroke tool
4. Close clamp with ROV carried
torque tool
5. Perform back-seal test
connection completed

Subsea Control System
(Pigging Loop)
Well jumpers
Umbilical Flowline Spool

What does a Control System Do?
Subsea items Controlled by the system
Low pressure Valves ( tree, manifold)

High Pressure Valves (downhole safety valves)
Chokes
Chemical Metering Valves
Subsea items Monitored by the system
Temperature
Pressure
Choke Position
Flow rates Oil & Gas & Multiphase

What does a Control System Do?
Typical Subsea devices connected to the system
Down Hole Gauges
Multiphase & Wet Gas Flow Meters
Venturi Flow meters
Sand Detectors
Hydrocarbon Leak Detectors
Chemical injection valves

Subsea Control
Module (SCM)
Chemical
Injection
SCM Mounting
Throttle Valve
Base

Hydraulic
Distribution
Manifold Control
Module (MCM)


Multiplexed Control system
MCS EPU HPU Chemical Inj.
TUTU
Umbilical
SUTU SDU Manifold

Equipment
Tree Equipment Tree Equipment

Subsea Control System - Topside Equipment
Electrical Power Unit
iCon Subsea Control Unit
Hydraulic Power Unit

Subsea Control System Connected (MCS Based)

Bringing it all together opening the tap

Subsea Umbilicals Connect the system together
Industry leading track record
332 Umbilicals
2540 km since 1993
Extensive Experience in Deepwater Umbilicals (Dynamic/Static)
28 projects in 1000 to 2900m water depth the last 6 years

Subsea Steel Tube Umbilical Concept
Characteristic of Subsea Umbilical
Internal plastic profiles

Separate conduits
Elements free floating radial
clearance
Low lay angle (about 2 deg)
Low frictional effect
Steel tubes = armouring
Extruded outer jacket

Subsea Deep water Dynamic umbilical options
Central Steel Member Multiple Steel Members Carbon Fiber Rods

Carbon Fibre technology
Carbon Fibre Rod technology is developed and available within AK Subsea umbilicals to the
market today
Carbon Fibre provides a low weight, high stiffness and high strength solution. It is excellent for
stress reduction in deep water applications, where umbilical components self weight become the
main stress parameter
The Carbon Fibre Rods work very efficiently in the AK Subsea umbilical design as the low lay-
angle ensures direct action. This eliminates stiffness reduction from the effect of helical
closing-up or stiffness loss caused by the radial effects within high lay-angle umbilicals.
The inclusion of carbon fibre provides a low cost method to reduce stress and improve fatigue
life in all components.
Integrated Production Umbilical
Reduce investment by reducing CAPEX and OPEX
Combining flowline and umbilical

Loading of Umbilical

Subsea Processing and Boosting
PUMP STATION:
What can we do when we loose pressure 9.1m x 3.7m x 6.8m, 70 Tonnes
in the system and cant recover the oil or gas?
How can we make the system more efficient

by processing the product closer to the
seabed?
Record breaking subsea multiphase booster pump
How can we increase

product recovery
from subsea wells?

Subsea Boosting and Processing Solutions
Multiphase pumping
MultiBooster System
Raw seawater injection

SeaBooster System
Gas/Liquid separation and

liquid pumping
DeepBooster System
Two or three phase gravity

separation
FlexSEP System
Dry or wet gas compression

GasBooster System

Aker Solutions Subsea - Global Reach
This last video shows where Aker Solutions Subsea are active in
markets worldwide
Animation

part of Aker
2008 Aker Solutions

Copyright
Copyright of all published material including photographs, drawings and images in this document remains vested in
Aker Kvaerner and third party contributors as appropriate. Accordingly, neither the whole nor any part of this document
shall be reproduced in any form nor used in any manner without express prior permission and applicable
acknowledgements. No trademark, copyright or other notice shall be altered or removed from any reproduction.

Disclaimer
This Presentation includes and is based, inter alia, on forward-looking information and statements that are subject to
risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ. These statements and this Presentation are based on
current expectations, estimates and projections about global economic conditions, the economic conditions of the
regions and industries that are major markets for Aker Kvrner ASA and Aker Kvrner ASAs (including subsidiaries
and affiliates) lines of business. These expectations, estimates and projections are generally identifiable by
statements containing words such as expects, believes, estimates or similar expressions. Important factors that
could cause actual results to differ materially from those expectations include, among others, economic and market
conditions in the geographic areas and industries that are or will be major markets for Aker Kvaerners businesses, oil
prices, market acceptance of new products and services, changes in governmental regulations, interest rates,
fluctuations in currency exchange rates and such other factors as may be discussed from time to time in the
Presentation. Although Aker Kvrner ASA believes that its expectations and the Presentation are based upon
reasonable assumptions, it can give no assurance that those expectations will be achieved or that the actual results
will be as set out in the Presentation. Aker Kvrner ASA is making no representation or warranty, expressed or
implied, as to the accuracy, reliability or completeness of the Presentation, and neither Aker Kvrner ASA nor any of
its directors, officers or employees will have any liability to you or any other persons resulting from your use.
The Aker Kvaerner group consists of many legally independent entities, constituting their own separate identities. Aker
Kvaerner is used as the common brand or trade mark for most of these entities. In this presentation we may
sometimes use Aker Kvaerner, Group, we or us when we refer to Aker Kvaerner companies in general or where
no useful purpose is served by identifying any particular Aker Kvaerner company.

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part of Aker

Part II: Subsea Production Systems

2009 Aker Solutions 2008 Aker Solutions

2008 Aker Solutions part of Aker

6 Floating LNG and methanol 12

12 LNG terminals, onshore and

2008 Aker Solutions part of Aker

2008 Aker Solutions part of Aker

2008 Aker Solutions part of Aker

Daisy Chain wells linked together in series.

Integrated Template wells drilled thru manifold structure.

Cluster group wells surrounding manifold.

2008 Aker Solutions part of Aker

Simple and cheap

Dedicated flowlines/ Umbilicals.

2008 Aker Solutions part of Aker

Complex controls distribution

2008 Aker Solutions part of Aker

2008 Aker Solutions part of Aker

Common datum for wells.

Dedicated flowlines / Umbilicals may be

2008 Aker Solutions part of Aker

2008 Aker Solutions part of Aker

Complex flowline connection.

2008 Aker Solutions part of Aker

2008 Aker Solutions part of Aker

2008 Aker Solutions part of Aker

2008 Aker Solutions part of Aker

Xmas Tree Functions:

2008 Aker Solutions part of Aker

Vertical Tree Vertical Tree Horizontal Tree

2008 Aker Solutions part of Aker

ACV Annulus Circulation Valve Control XOV

2008 Aker Solutions part of Aker

2008 Aker Solutions part of Aker

Wire line plugs Swab

Horizontal XT Dual Bore XT

2008 Aker Solutions part of Aker

Water Injection XMT

2008 Aker Solutions part of Aker

Definition: Subsea Production Manifold

Definition: Subsea Injection Manifold

2008 Aker Solutions part of Aker

2008 Aker Solutions part of Aker

2008 Aker Solutions part of Aker

2008 Aker Solutions part of Aker

2008 Aker Solutions part of Aker

2008 Aker Solutions part of Aker

2008 Aker Solutions part of Aker

Piping Small- and Large-bore

2008 Aker Solutions part of Aker

VCM on MF Top Tie-in systems

VCM with Guide-rails

2008 Aker Solutions part of Aker

Mono-post Vent./suction hatch

Mono-post Support ( Kikeh )

2008 Aker Solutions part of Aker

Kristin Templates 2003 Kristin Manifolds 2004

Dalia Manifolds 2005 Kikeh Manifolds 2006

Drill Rig : Through moon pool or keel-hauled on drill string.

Manifold hydraulic installation tool.

2008 Aker Solutions part of Aker

2008 Aker Solutions part of Aker