AVAILABILITY OF NUTRIENTS ELEMENTS

THAT CAN ABSORBED BY THE SOIL

 What is Hara?
Hara is an indispensable element by
plants. Hara is widely available in the
groundwater
 Based on its role , nutrients are
divided into :
1. Esensial nutrients
2. Fungsional nutrients
3. Potensial nutrients
 Esensial nutrients

Essential nutrients are indispensable

by plants to complete their life cycle.
Elements that include essential
nutrients are 16 elements, and lies in
the periodic system of elements on
the line Argon (Ar) is a line that
connects with the C Ar.
 Essential Nutrients
An element can said to be essential for
the plant if :
plants are unable to complete their life
cycle (until its produce seeds that can
grow) if these elements are not available.
these elements are building blocks of a
molecule or part of the plant that are
essential to the survival of the plant.
Eg N as the building blocks of protein, and
Mg as a constituent of chlorophyll.
 Fungsional Nutrients

Functional Nutrients is the Nutrients

that if they are in the soil or medium
can improve plant growth.

For example the element Sodium

(Na) can replace the role of the
element potassium (K)
 Potential Nutrients

Potential Nutrients is the nutrients

that is often found in the body of
plants
Based on the amount needed by the plant, nutrients can be divided into 2 :

1. Makro Nutrients
2. Mikro Nutrients
 Makro Nutrients

This element is required by plants in

very large quantities
Example: N, P, S (anion) and K, Ca,
Mg (cations).
 Mikro Nutrients

This element needed by plants in

small amounts
These elements include: BCl, Cu, Fe,
Mn, Mo, Zn.
Based on the source of absorption,
nutrient separated into two
sources

1. Absorbed from the air

2. Absorbed from the soil
Absorbed from the air

Nutrients are absorbed from the air is C, O,

and S, which is derived from CO2, O2, and
SO2,
N uptake both from the air and from the
ground assimilated in the process of
reduction and amination.
Nitrogen (N) in the air is absorbed from the
free N2 through root nodule bacteria and
NH3 absorbed through the stomata of the
plant.
 Absorbed from the Soil

Absorption of nutrients carried by

plant roots. and taken from the
complex uptake of soil or soil solution
in the form of cations and anions.
There can be absorbed in the form of
a chelate that is bonding metal
cations with organic compounds.
 DISCERN ENTRY
PROCESS OF ION
THROUGH THE
NETWORKS OF ROOTS
SYMPLAST AND
APOPLAST
 Apoplast Transportation
Transportation along the path
consisting of the extracellular part of
a living plant roots, ie the cell walls
and the space between cells.
water enters by way of osmosis.
 Simplast Transportation
In this carriage, after entering into
the cells of the epidermis roots,
water and dissolved minerals moves
into the cell
 ROLE OF
MICROORGANISM
(mycorrhiza)
 Symbiosis mycorrhiza
Symbiosis is an intimate association
between two organisms that are not
related.
Mycorrhiza is essential for mineral
nutrition of plants because many
threads fungal hyphae can utilize
more land than the roots of plants,
and thus the mycorrhizal association
greatly enhances the absorption of
minerals and water.
 Types of Mycorrhizae
Based on how the infection to the host
and the body structure, mycorrhiza
divided into two types :
1. Endomikoriza
2. Ektomikoriza
 Endomikoriza

network of fungal hyphae into the

cortex cells and then form an oval-
shaped structures called vesicles and
branching hyphae called arbuscular,
so endomikoriza also called vesicular-
arbuscular micorrihizae (VAM).
 Ektomikoriza

network of fungal hyphae growing

among the root cortex cells because
the network does not get into the
cells, and forming "Hartig net" and
coat on roots.
General benefits from Mycorrhiza

1. Benefits in the ecosystem

2. Benefits for plants
3. Benefits for humans
 Manfaat dalam ekosistem

Role in nutrient cycling

improving soil structure and
distribute carbohydrates from plant
roots to other soil organisms
 Manfaat bagi tanaman

Increases plant growth.

Increases plant resistance to disease
attacks the roots or the soil and root
nematode attack
Improving the ability of plants to
absorb essential nutrients contained
in the soil, such as elements of N, P,
K, Ca, Cu, Mn, and Mg.
 Generate PGR (Substance Stimulants
Body) on the root causes plants can
thrive and not easily stressed when
treated in different environments.
Improve aeration in the soil
Accelerate the development of non-
pathogenic microbes saprofit around
the roots so the plants can grow in a
healthy and fertile.