POWER THEFT

DETECTION

Presented By : Akshat
Singh
Roll No: 12
1
Univ. Roll No:
1405420009
 INTRODUCTION
India, the largest democracy with an
estimated population of about 1.04
billion, is on a road to rapid growth in
economy.
Energy, particularly electricity, is a
key input for accelerating economic
growth.
The theft of electricity is a criminal
offence and power utilities are losing
billions of rupees in this account.
The following sections will describe the 2

proposed detection and control system

 It is the use of electrical power without a contract
with a supplier with total or partial bypassing
metering system, or
. Interfering this system in the way to adulterate its
measurements.
Power theft includes *Direct hooking from line
*Bypassing the energy meter *Injecting foreign
. element into the energy meter *Physical
obstruction etc..

World loses US$89.3 billion annually to electricity theft.

The highest losses were inIndia($16.2 billion), followed
. byBrazil($10.5 billion) andRussia($5.1 billion).

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 THEFT OCCURS WHEN:
An illegal consumer(not a registered customer) steals
directly from the distribution lines or from another legal customer.

A legal customer(registered customer) steals either

bypassing the meter (connecting around the meter to a live cable
on the company side of the meter) or tampering with the meter
to make it read less or no consumption.

There is a collusion(secret agreement) between the

customer and a company employee to reduce the amount
paid to the company (with lower side payments to the employee
in return). 4
 POWER THEFT
Meters:
METHODS
Tampering with meters and seals
By-passing the meters
Damaging or removing meters

Wires/ Cables:
Illegal tapping to bare wires or underground cables

Transformers:
Illegal terminal taps of overhead lines on the low side of the
transformer

Billing irregularities made by meter readers.

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Unpaid bills by individuals, government institutions and untouchable VIPs.
 FEW OTHER WAYSOF POWER THEFT
Use of single phasesupply from three phase supply.

Disconnected neutral from boththe ends.

Used earth for return circuit.

Connecting phase voltage to neutral of used single phase

supply. Potential difference w.r.t. neutral of usedsingle
phasesupply iszero. Hence power product of voltage and
current, will be zero.

Isolating neutral from both ends.

.

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 HOW CAN ELECTRICITY THEFT BE REDUCED

NON TECHNICAL SOLUTIONS

Financial rewards:
Utilitycompanies encourage consumers to report
electricity theft

Periodic checks:
Electricity theftfrequently takes place after service has
been disconnected. Some utility companies periodically
check disconnected meters ifthe customer has
notcontacted them to reconnect service.

Enforcement of law:
Fines should be imposed by the government for stealing
electricity.
 TECHNICAL SOLUTIONS
Electronic tamper detection meter

Pre payment meters

Plastic meter encasements

Anti theft cable

Using GSM

Using PLCs

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 PLASTIC METER ENCASEMENTS

Hard plastic encasements are

a type of a meter seal. These
transparent plastic covers
serve as a warning and
therefore reduce electricity
theft.

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 PRE-PAYMENT METERS
Credit added to the meter
on a keypad.
Credit is purchased on a
rechargeable token or a
card and entered into the
meter with disconnection
ability
It help in the reduction of
non paid bills and meter
reading iregularities 11
 ELECTRONIC TAMPER DETECTION
METERS
High performanceElectronic Tamper
DetectionMeterreference design that integrates an
ultra low-power tilt sensor used forelectronic tamper
detection.

Automatic detection of :
Meter tamper
Meter Bypass
Meter disconnection
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 PROGRAMMABLE LOGIC
CONTROLLER(PLC)
PLC Presents an interesting and economical solution for
automatic meter reading (AMR).
If an AMR system via PLC is set in a power delivery system, a
detection system for illegal electricity usage may be easily
added in the existing PLC network.
In the detection system, the second digitally energy meter
chip is used and the value of energy is stored. The recorded
energy is compared with the value at the main kilowatt-hour
meter.
In the case of difference between two recorded energy data, in
error signal is generated and transmitted via PLC network.

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 PROGRAMMING OF PLC
Early PLCs were
programmed by
using specific
purpose programming
terminals.

Recently PLCs are

programmed
using application
software's on personal 14

computers.
 INSTALLTION OF PLC
Power meters with PLC modules will be installed near the top

of the power polls.

Meters installed in high places will send data of the used

amount to each household through power lines.

Homeowners can then check the amount used on the displays

installed in each house.

This means that the measurement function and the display

function of the meters will be separated.

Power theft is prevented by installing HD-PLC-mounted power

meters on a high position on power polls, while the amount of

power used in each household can still be checked. 15
MODERN PLCS

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DEFINITION ON AMR
AMR(AUTOMATIC METER READING) automates
the process of measurement through digital
communication techniques.

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 Automatic meter reading, orAMR, is the
technology of automatically collecting
consumption, diagnostic, and status data
fromenergy metering devices or water meter
(gas, electric) and transferring that data to a
central database for billing, troubleshooting, and
analyzing.
This technology mainly saves utility providers the
expense of periodic trips to each physical location
to read a meter.
Billing can be based on near real-time 18

consumption rather than on estimates based on

 FUNCTONS OF AMR
SYSTEM
Every user has two PLC modems; one is for AMR
and the other is used to send the data from
second energy meter chip to host PLC modem.
An energy meter must be connected in the
connection box between a home line and main
power lines.
The host PLC unit must be placed in the
distribution transformer and the configuration of
the addressing format of PLC signaling must be
designed carefully. 19
 GSM BASED AUTOMATIC
METER READING
GSM based Automatic meter reading is the technology of
automatically collecting data from energy meter and transferring
that data to a central database for billing and/or analyzing. The
Transmitter circuit is connected to the meter which counts the
pulses from it and displays it over the LCD display. The
transmitter circuit containing a GSM modem for data
transforming, which transforms the meter reading after each 10
pulses to a particular number through SMS.
An additional advanced service is also available, which includes
the software operating on the computer. This software shows the
updated reading. User has to put the unit rate and date of billing,
and then this software automatically calculates the bill and also
print it if printer is connected to computer.
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GSM MODEM

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 PARTS OF GSM MODEM

A sim slot
Power slot
Transmission antenna
SIM900A: - The SIM900A is a complete Dual-band
GSM/GPRS module in a SMT type which is designed
specially for Chinese market, allowing you to benefit
from small dimensions and cost-effective solutions.
Capacitor

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 SMT

Surface-mount technology (SMT) is a method for

producing electronic circuits in which the components
are mounted or placed directly onto the surface of
printed circuit boards (PCBs). An electronic device so
made is called a surface-mount device (SMD).

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 CONCLUSION

By using techniques above the crime of stealing power may

be brought to an end and thereby a new bloom may be
expected in the economy of ourmotherland and also there will
be less scarcity for power utilisation

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