Vapor Absorption Refrigeration System

Presented by:

Ansa Rida Dilshad FA13-BME-007

Iftikhar Amjad FA13-BME-009

Muzammal Rehman FA13-BME-013

Mayra Akhtar FA13-BME-018

Fatima Tanveer FA13-BME-055

Presented to:

Eng. Muhammad Bilal Khan

 Outline

PROBLEM DEFINITION
INTRODUCTION

COMPONENTS

PROCESS DESCRIPTION
STEADY FLOW ANALYSIS OF VARS
ADVANTAGES OF VARS
APPLICATIONS
Problem Definition

Global warming
Energy shortage&is
sum of depletion
Ozone all fears on
our earth
potential

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 INTRODUCTION

Low grade heat operated system.

Quite similar to vapor compression system.
Compressor is replaced by pump, generator and absorber.
Heat in generator is supplied from external energy source.
Condensation, expansion and evaporation processes are same as VCR system.

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COMPONENTS

ABSORBER
GENERATOR
CONDENSER
EXPANSION VALVE
EVAPORATOR
PUMP

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 ABSORBER
Used to store the mixture of Absorbent and Refrigerant in particular proportion .
Function is to produce the required aqua solution of refrigerant and absorbent.
Low pressure refrigerant vapour is absorbed by the weak solution of refrigerant which is
stored in the absorber

GENERATOR
Heats the strong aqua solution up to the boiling temperature of refrigerant to produce
refrigerant vapors.
Here, external energy sources are used for the heating purpose.
Separates the dissolved refrigerant from the solution.

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CONDENSER
A device or unit used to condense a substance from its gaseous to its liquid state.
EXPANSION VALVE
Controls the amount of refrigerant flow into the evaporator .
Cause a pressure drop of the working fluid.
Causes sudden drop in temperature.
EVAPORATOR
Absorption of heat from the surrounding.
heat transfer is done by forced convection or natural convection .
PUMP
A pump in solar absorption refrigeration system is used to uphill the solution from absorber to
generator.

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Process
High Temperature

High pressure liquid

High pressure vapor

Condenser
Steam circulation
Generator

Pump Expansion valve

Return
duct

Low pressure liquid

Absorber Evaporator
Low pressure vapor
Coolant circulation

Low Temperature
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 Steady flow analysis of VARS
A steady flow analysis of the system is carried out with the following assumptions:
i. Steady state and steady flow
ii. Changes in potential and kinetic energies across each component are negligible
iii. No pressure drops due to friction
iv. Only pure refrigerant boils in the generator.
The nomenclature followed is:
m= mass flow rate of refrigerant, kg/s
mss= mass flow rate of strong solution, kg/s
mws= mass flow rate of weak solution, kg/s

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 Circulation ratio ()
defined as the ratio of
strong solution flow rate to
refrigerant flow rate.

It is given by:

= mss/m

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@Condenser
m 1 = m2 = m 3
Qc = m(h1 h2)
Pc = Psat (TC)
where TC is the condenser
Temperature

@Expansion valve:
m 2 = m3 = m
h2 = h3

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@Evaporator:
m 3 = m4 = m
QE = m(h4 h3)
PE = PSAT(TE)
where TE is the evaporator
temperature
@Absorber
From total mass balance:
m + mss = mws
but mss = m,
mws = (1+)m
QA=mh4+ mh10 - (1+)mh5

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@Solution pump
m5 = m6 = mws
Wp = mws(h6-h5)
=(1+)m(h6-h5)
Even though the solution pump work
is small it is still required in the
selection of suitable pump.
@Generator
m7 = m8 +m1
Heat input to the
generator is given by:
QG= (1+)mh7 (mh1+mh8)

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COP for Ideal Vapor Absorption Refrigeration
System

The solution pump work is often negligible compared to the generator heat
input. Thus the COPs for compression and absorption systems are given by:

Thus absorption systems are advantageous where a large quantity of low-

grade thermal energy is available freely at required temperature.

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 ADVANTAGES

Uses low grade energy like heat.

Example- exhaust from I.C engine.
Less moving parts.
Smooth operation.
Can work on lower evaporator pressures, without affecting the COP.
Very efficient for higher load conditions.

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APPLICATIONS
Air conditioning machines.
Food Processing Industries.
Jute Industries.
Commercial purposes.

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References

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