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ENGINEERING
AND ACOUSTICS
BROADCASTING
OBJECTIVES
Milestone of Broadcasting
AM Broadcast Standard
OBJECTIVES
MILESTONE OF BROADCASTING
AM Broadcast Standard
BROADCAST means to send out in all directions
1922 - SUPER-of
Inventor modern
REGENERATIVE CIRCUIT (FM)
frequency modulation
radio transmission.
Milestone of Broadcasting
AM Broadcast Standard
ISTORY OF BROADCASTING IN THE PHILIPPPIN
1922
1st Radio Station
MRS. REDGRAVE, an American, began test
broadcasting from NICHOLS AIR FIELD with a FIVE-
WATT transmitter.
2nd Radio Station
KZKZ (729 kHz AM),
a 50-WATT station was
founded by HENRY
HERMANN, owner of the
ELECTRICAL SUPPLY
COMPANY IN MANILA.
ISTORY OF BROADCASTING IN THE PHILIPPPIN
1924
KZ CALL SIGN
Assigned to all radio stations in the
Philippines in accordance with the laws of the
USA
KZKZ was upgraded to a 100-WATT
station. The station was sold to the RADIO
CORPORATION OF THE PHILIPPINES.
ISTORY OF BROADCASTING IN THE PHILIPPPIN
1926
RCP began constructing TWO OF THE
LARGEST RADIO STATIONS IN ASIA with the
idea of maintaining direct MANILA-SAN
FRANCISCO service. After Philippine
independence, it changed its callsign to DWKZ,
but changed in 1960 to DZCA (1170).
ISTORY OF BROADCASTING IN THE PHILIPPPIN
1929
RCP launched KZRC in Cebu broadcasting
with a 100-watt transmitter, but was later sold
to store owner ISAAC BECK (Its now DYRC
owned by the Manila Broadcasting
Company).
ISTORY OF BROADCASTING IN THE PHILIPPPIN
DX-MINADAO
ISTORY OF BROADCASTING IN THE PHILIPPPIN
Milestone of Broadcasting
AM Broadcast Standard
RADIO BROADCASTING AND GOVERNING BODIE
TYPES OF RADIO BROADCASTING SYSTEM
AM BROADCASTING
FM BROADCASTING
TV BROADCASTING
INTERNATIONAL BROADCASTING
1000
900
800
700
600
AM
500
FM
TV
400
300
200
100
0
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
RADIO BROADCASTING AND GOVERNING BODIE
RADIO BROADCASTING GOVERNING BODIES
RADIO BROADCASTING AND GOVERNING BODIE
RADIO BROADCASTING GOVERNING BODIES
Regulation (ITU-R)
spectrum management and coordination
Standardization (ITU-T)
ITU Recommendations
Development (ITU-D)
assistance to developing countries
RADIO BROADCASTING AND GOVERNING BODIE
RADIO BROADCASTING GOVERNING BODIES
PLENIPOTENTIARY CONFERENCE
Constitution and Convention of ITU
COUNCIL
policies and strategy
coordination role
WORLD CONFERENCES
to negotiate agreements serving as basis
for operation of global telecoms services
Radiocommunication Conferences, e.g.
WRC-2000
RADIO BROADCASTING AND GOVERNING BODIE
RADIO BROADCASTING GOVERNING BODIES
SG 1: Spectrum management
SG 3: Radiowave propagation
SG 4: Fixed-satellite service
SG 6: Broadcasting service
SG 7: Science services
SG 8: Mobile services
SG 9: Fixed service
RADIO BROADCASTING AND GOVERNING BODIE
RADIO BROADCASTING GOVERNING BODIES
FUNCTIONS
Grant certificates of Public convenience and
Necessity/Provisional Authority
Grant licenses
Allocate/sub-allocate and assign frequencies
Type-approve/type-accept all radio communications
equipment
Conduct radio communications examination
Prepare, plan and conduct studies for policy and regulatory
purposes
Monitor operation
Enforce applicable domestic and international laws, rules and
regulations
RADIO BROADCASTING AND GOVERNING BODIE
RADIO BROADCASTING GOVERNING BODIES
Milestone of Broadcasting
AM BROADCAST STANDARD
AM BROADCAST STANDARDS
MF BROADCAST STATION
MF BROADCAST BAND
MF BROADCAST CHANNEL
PARAMETE PHILIPPINE
USA
RS S
BROADCASTING 526.5kHz to 535kHz to 1705kHz
BAND 1705.5kHz
FREQUENCY BAND Medium Medium
Frequency Frequency
CHANNEL WIDTH 9 10 kHz
kHz
STATION SPACING 36 kHz 40 kHz
PARAMETE PHILIPPINE
USA
RS S
TYPE OF EMISSION A3E A3E
MODULATION AM AM
BROADCAST PERIOD
POWER
ALLOCATION
HOURS OF
OPERATION
Shall maintain a minimum operating schedule of
two thirds (2/3) of the total hours that is
authorized .
LOGS
NOTE:
Logs shall be retained by the licensee for a
period of two (2) years.
AM BROADCAST STANDARDS
TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS
Adequacy of components
Compliance with Electrical Wiring
Rules
Regulation of Supply Voltage
Protection
Protection of Persons
Protection of equipment
AM BROADCAST STANDARDS
DETAILED TECHNICAL
REQUIREMENTS
THE ANTENNA
Main purpose is to radiate efficiently the energy
supplied by the transmitter, more so, towards the
horizon or along the ground and least towards the sky.
AM BROADCAST STANDARDS
DETAILED TECHNICAL
REQUIREMENTS
CONSIDERATION OF THE ANTENNA SYSTEMS
Population to be served
Other communication installations and
airports
Conductivity of the soil
AM BROADCAST STANDARDS
DETAILED TECHNICAL
REQUIREMENTS
CONSIDERATION OF THE ANTENNA SYSTEMS
2. Antenna Design
BROADCAST
STATION
Studio Complex place where the
programming originates
Transmitter site the tower with antenna,
actually broadcasts the program material out
over the air.
Studio transmitter link connection
between the studio and the transmitter link
AM BROADCAST STANDARDS
BROADCAST STATION
EXAMPLE
DZBB (AM)
Stations studio is located at the GMA
Network Center in Quezon City.
The transmitter is located at Barangay
Panghulo, Obando, Bulacan
DZBB (TV CHANNEL)/ GMA 7
Stations studio is located at the GMA
Network Center in Quezon City.
The transmitter is located at Barangay
Culiat, Tandang Sora, Quezon City
AM BROADCAST STANDARDS
TYPES OF AM TRANSMITTER
MAIN TRANSMITTER
Power rating: 1 kW
ALTERNATE TRANSMITTER
Same power rating and frequency stability as that of
the main transmitter.
Must be co-located with the man transmitter
Used when the main transmitter failed or there are
some modifications to be made with it.
AUXILIARY TRANSMITTER
Operating power may be less but never greater than
the authorized power of the regular main transmitter.
Use during emergencies
AM BROADCAST STANDARDS
BROADCAST AUXILIARY
SERVICES
Studio-to-Transmitter Link (STL)