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REAGENTS
Chemical Solutions
(aqueous = water is the solvent)
Types of vessels (least to most precise):
Beaker
Erlennmeyer flask
Graduated cylinder
Volumetric flask
DEFINITIONS:
SOLUTES -- substances that are
dissolved
Density of water is 1 g / mL
Facts of life (contd)
Concentration means: amount of solute in
a volume of solution
5 mg = ?
8 mL 1 mL
8 mL
? = 0.63 mg, so the
concentration is
0.63 mg/mL
Percent Solutions
Per means for every one
Cent means 100
Set up a ratio:
3 g / 100 mL = ?g / 250 mL
Set up a ratio:
3 mg / 1 mL = ?mg / 250 mL
H2SO4:
"Micromolar", M, mole/L.
A mole is 1/1,000,000 of a mole.
FORMULA
HOW MUCH SOLUTE IS NEEDED FOR A SOLUTION OF
A PARTICULAR MOLARITY AND VOLUME?
or
? = 43.8g of NaCl
BTV of 250 mL
X solutions
X means times
A 40X buffer solution is 40 times more
concentrated than the standard working
solution
Stock solutions / concentrates
How much stock solution you need =
total volume you need divided by
the X number
Diluting Solutions
Conc 1 x Vol. 1 = Conc 2 x Vol 2
C1 V1 = C2 V2
(? X) (250mL) = (1X) (1000 mL)
Answer:
C1 V1 = C2 V2
(100%) (?) = (6%) (350 mL)
Answer: