RAJASTHAN INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING

AND TECHNOLOGY

A Seminar on
Oscillators and Multivibrators

SUBMITTED TO:- SUBMITTED BY:-

Department of Abhishek Chudawat
Electrical Engineering 13EREEE002
R.I.E.T. Jaipur
 CONTENTS
Introduction
Difference between an Amplifier and an Oscillator
Basic Principle of Oscillation
Types of Oscillators
Bakhausen Criterion
Sinusoidal Oscillators
Relaxation Oscillators (Multivibrators)
 INTRODUCTION
An oscillator is an amplifier, which uses a positive
feedback and without any external input signal, generates an
output waveform of a desired frequency.
It basically converts the dc signal to a required ac signal.
When original input signal and feedback signal are in phase,
the feedback is called as "positive feedback.
Hence oscillator is an amplifier with positive feedback.
DIFFERENCE B/W AN AMPLIFIER AND
AN OSCILLATOR
 BASIC PRINCIPLE OF OSCILLATION

Ve Vs V f (1) V f Vo (2)

Vo A
The closed loop gain is: Af
Vs 1 A
 BAKHAUSEN CRITERIA
An oscillator will operate at that frequency at which the total
phase shift introduced ,as the signal proceeds from the input
terminals, through amplifier and feedback network and back
to input is zero, 360 degree or integral multiple of 360 degree.
The magnitude of the product of open loop gain of
the amplifier and the magnitude of the feedback factor is
unity that is A=1
 TYPES OF OSCILLATORS
1. Sinusoidal Oscillators
LC Oscillators
RC Oscillators
Crystal Oscillator

2. Non-Sinusoidal Oscillators (Multivibrators)

Astable Multivibrator
Monostable Multivibrator
Bistable Multivibrator
 SINUSOIDAL OSCILLATORS
1. LC Oscillators
Hartly

Colpitts

Tuned Collector

2. RC Oscillators
Wein Bridge
RC Phase Shift

3. Crystal Oscillators
HARTLY OSCILLATOR
COLPITTS OSCILLATOR
TUNED COLLECTOR OSCILLATOR
WEIN BRIDGE OSCILLATOR
RC PHASE SHIFT OSCILLATOR
CRYSTAL OSCILLATOR
ASTABLE MULTIVIBRATOR
MONOSTABLE MULTIVIBRATOR
BISTABLE MULTIVIBRATOR
ANY QUERIES