HIDROLOGY

DAC 20902
TITTLE : WET POND
GROUP MEMBERS :
1) MUHAMMAD IRFAN BIN KAMRUDIN (AA130017)

2) MUHAMMAD NURASYID BIN ABU BAKAR (

3) NUR EZZIATI BINTI

4) NUR AIN BINTI ZAKARIA

5) AZIZAH BINTI ABDUL HAMID

INTROODUCTION
Wet ponds also known as the stormwater
ponds, wet retention ponds (retention basin),
wet extended detention ponds (detention
basin).
We found out that there are two types of wet

ponds that are commonly used which are

retention basin and detention basin.
Wet ponds are frequently used for water

quality improvement,groundwater recharge,

flood protection, aesthetic improvement or
any combination of these.
 they act as a replacement for the natural
absorption of a forest or other natural
process that was lost when an area is
developed.
DISCUSIION
WET TYPE
Wet type water quality ponds are also related to
wet detention ponds.
The only difference between them is their design
is more focussed on the weakest water quality
and peak runoff flows from smaller runoff event.
Soluble pollutant removals are provided by a
permanent ponding area in the bottom of the
pond to promote biological uptake.
 DESIGN CONSIDERATION AND REQUIREDMENT
o Specific design may vary considerably, depending
on site constraints or preferences of the designer or
community.

DRAINAGE AREA
o The minimum recommended catchment area is
2.5ha for commercial or industrial land use and
3.5ha for residential land use.

LOCATION AND SITE SUITABILTY

o It is recommended that water quality ponds be
located where the topography allows for maximum
runoff storage at minimum excavation or
embankment construction cost.
 DESIGN CRITERIA
o Specific designs may vary considerably, depending on site
constraints or preferences of the designer or community.
There are some features, however, that should be
incorporated into most water quality pond designs.

GEOMETRY
o The recommended length-to-width ratio of a basin should
be at least 2:1 and preferably 3:1.

WATER QUALITY VOLUME

o The water quality volume, WQV shall be determined for a
water quality design storm, where is the runoff from a
40mm rainfall depth over the contributing catchment.
o The required storage volume for WQV can be obtained using
the equation as follows:
WQV = C.(Pd).A
where,
WQV = Water quality volume (m3)
C = Volumetric Rational Method runoff
coefficient
Pd = Rainfall depth of water quality design
storm (m)
A = Contributing drainage area (m 2).

OUTLET WORKS
o The outlet works are to be designed to release the
water quality volume over a proposed drain time
period.
Qave= Required Storage for WQV (m3)
Drawdown Time (s)
 SAFETY
o Designers should avoid steep slopes and drop-offs
and depths over 1.0m whenever possible.
If it is not possible, safety features such as fences
shall be provided unless buffered by shallow
marshlands, which is littoral zone, on all sides
accessible by the public.

WATER QUALITY VOLUME FOR

DETENTION PONDS.
o Water quality : The full water quality volume is to be provided
according to the design procedures.
o Minor storm : The full water quality volume plus the full minor
storm quantity detention volume is to be provided.
o Major storm (100 year storm or other event): One-half the
water quality volume plus the full 100-year (or other major
storm event) detention volume is to be provided.
 DESIGN PROCEDURE FOR WATER
QUALITY POND
o Step 1: Confirm Treatment Performance of
Concept Design.
o Step 2: Determine Water Quality Volume
o Step 3: Outlet Works
o Step 4: Design Embankment(s) and Spillway
CONSTRUCTED WETLANDS
The pollutant removal efficiency of a pond can be
increased by including an area of wetlands

DESCRIPTION AND COMPONENTS

o Wetland is an area of land where soil is saturated with
water either permanently or seasonally. Such areas also
need to be covered, at least partially by shallow pools of
water.
These are the main components of wetlands:
Inlet zone
Macrophyte zone
Open Water zone
 THE MAIN COMPONENT OF WETLAND
o Inlet Zone
To encourage setting of course to medium sediments
from the water column.
Reduce flow velocities.
Distributes flow across the wetlands.

o Macrophyte Zone
Native to the area.
Likely to establish and grow under conditions
applying ate the site.
Unlikely to colonise outside the designated area
DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS AND REQUIREMENTS

DRAINAGE AREA
o Wetlands require a positive water balance, through
continuous base flow or groundwater seepage, so that
permanently wet conditions can be sustained.

SPACE REQUIREMENT
o At a minimum, the surface area of wetlands should be no
less than 1% of the contributing drainage area

LOCATION AND SITE SUITABILITY

o Wetlands are normally located at a position that can
receive all the site runoff as for example at the lowest point
in the site, generally at minimum excavation cost.
 SITE SLOPE AND SUITABILITY
o Wetlands basin require a near-zero (almost
horizontal) longitudinal slope, which can be
provided using embankments.

SUBSURFACE SOIL AND GROUNDWATER

o The soil below the wetlands must be sufficiently
impermeable to maintain wet condition, unless
the wetland intersects the water table.
DESIGN CRITERIA
DESIGN STORM
o The water quality design storm with 40mm rainfall
depth.
o A depth with the measurement in range of 0.3m to
1.2m may be suitable to the hydraulic residence
area which need at least 12 hours for a design
storm.

ALLOCATION OF SURFACE AREA

o There are consists three type of zone which are
Inlet Zone, Macrophyte Zone and Open Water Zone.
o Inlet Zone.

for pretreatment of inflow to remove coarse to medium sized

sediment and to remove the sediment to the hydrologic control of
inflows into the macrophyte zone and bypass of floods during side
design operating conditions

o Macrophyte Zone.
Macrophytes would be planted in the shallow sections to assist
with water treatment.
The effect of planting macrophhytes may also form barrier round
the edges and this may discourage people from entering the water
 Open Water Zone
The open water zone attracts plant and wildlife diversity.
The recommended area at least 5% from the total
wetlands area, a minimum depth of 1.0m and a
minimum depth of 1.0m and a maximum depth of 2.0m.

GEOMETRY
o Length to Width Ratio
It is important to avoid short circuit flow paths and poorly
mixed regions to optimise wetland performance within the
macrophyte zone.
o Macrophyte Zone Bathymetry.
a range of habitat areas within the macrophyte zone.
macrophyte zone typically comprises four marsh
zones and an open water zone.
four marsh zones are ephemeral marsh, shallow
marsh, marsh and deep marsh as shown in figure
below.

Four Marsh Zone



Macrophyte Zone Planting and Bathymetry

Water Depth
Wetlands should contain a mixture of water depths. Water levels in
excess of 1m should not occur more than 20% of the wetlands
pond surface area.

o Slopes
The growth of macrophytes, slopes within the wetlands shoreline
area should be in the range of 6(H): 1(V) to 8(H): 1(V) for safety,
stability and to promoting the growth.
 Water Balance
that the permanent pool will not dry out during extended
dry periods.
include by means of contionous balance calculation,
allowing for runoff inputs, evaporation and infiltration over
a period at least 12 months.

Water Quality Treatment

Pollutant Removal Capabilities
Wetlands design variants are presumed to be able to
remove 80% of the total suspended solids load in typical
urban post-development runoff.

Water Quality Volume.

Pollutants are removed from stormwater runoff in a
wetlands through uptake by wetlands vegetation and
algae and etc.
 Hydraulic Residence Time
The hydraulic residence time is the permanent pool
volume, divided by the average outflow discharge
rate.
The longer the residences time, the higher the
pollutant removal.

INLET AND OUTLET CONFIGURATION

Inlet design
The inlet zone typically must comprise of a deep
open water body measuring between 1.5m to 2.0m.
An energy dissipater is usually required at the end of
the pipes to reduce velocity and distribute flow into
the macrophyte zone.
 Outlet design
The use of a multiple stage riser-type outlet is generally more
suitable for controlling the water level regime in the wetlands than
a weir because it gives more control over the stage-discharge
relationship.
The riser is a vertical pipe or inlet structure that is attached to base
of the micropool with a watertight connection.

o Flow distribution
Wetlands must be designed to provide an even flow distribution
and avoid short-circuiting or directly flow from inlet to outlet.

SPILLWAY
Spillway is required to accommodate the design flood, whether
or not the wetlands are intended to provide flood control.
In the wetlands are also intended to have a flood storage
component, the form of the emergency spillway becomes
important as it will affect the stage-discharge relationship.
 EMBANKMENT AND MAINTENANCE AREA
The water-retaining embankments for the wetlands
basin may have the characteristic of small dams.
Different types of dams, including concrete, rockfill and
earth fill.

SAFETY
The wetlands design should minimise the risk of mosquito
breeding there. Mosquito control strategies include:
Interception of water-borne rubbish which creates a mosquito
breeding environtment.
Shaping of wetlands to avoid shallow stagnant areas with poor
circulation.
Providing a mechanism to regulate water levels in order to
disturb any breeding larvae.
Shaping of wetlands to avoid shallow stagnant areas with poor
circulation.
 The pond itself can present a hazard to small
children. The designer should concentrate on
avoiding serious safety hazards such as:
Sudden drops into deep water.
Sudden changes in flow velocities or water level.
Raised structures that children can fall off.

Confirm Treatment Performance of Concept Design

DESIGN PROCEDURE FOR
CONSTRUCTED WETLAND
SUGGESTION
Increase the number of wetpond in
Malaysia.
CONCLUSION
Naturalized stormwater wet ponds along
with bioswales and rain gardens are
effective and attractive tools that reduce
runoff and water-borne pollutants in the
community and the larger ecosystem.
Group Members

IRFAN
RASYID
EZZIATI AZIZAH
AIN