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Unit 4
Sustainable development
2
Outline:
Vocabulary (sustainable development)
Poverty Equality
Environment Human
rights
Sustainable
development
Democracy Infrastructure
Natural
Economic
resources
growth
4
Circle the word that does not collocate with the following
verbs:
Waste: time information resources money money
existence of future .
Greenhouse
Waste ..
Industrial .
9
development .
he had taken all the important documents with him, leaving just
.. .
3.Dont worry about the problems you have in your business. You
4.If you think that doing this Maths problem is .. just try it.
10
Choose the appropriate word to complete the meaning of the
idiom:
music shoulder use rags ocean pie
1.All these promises these politicians make are just in the sky.
4.They had a dispute yesterday. That's why she gave him the cold .........
6.He spends his time drinking and watching TV. He's no to man or
beast.
THE FUTURE PERFECT
12
Form: affirmative
[ all subject + will have + past participle ]
Examples:
Form: negative
[ will not have + past participle ]
[ wont have + past participle ]
Examples:
By the age of 15, all the students will not have passed their Bac exam.
Im certain that He wont have finished his work by the time I arrive.
By 2020, Morocco wont have eradicated illiteracy completely.
18
Form: interrogative?
[ will + subject + have + past
participle? ]
Examples:
Remember:
Expressions:
Cause Effect
cause / causes
result / results in
lead to / leads to
one cause of (y) is (x)
Effect Cause
is due to
results from
is / are the results of
one effect of (x) is (y)
28
1.We arrived very late (because / because of ) the rush hour jam.
2.She had eaten too much (as a result / because) she had a stomach-
ache.
3.He didn't revise his lessons (therefore / due to) , he fails all his tests.
4.She used to eat junk food (since / as a result ) she becomes obese.
5.She kept silent (as / because of ) she had nothing to say.
6.We couldn't see anything (because of / thanks to ) the fog.
7.She got to the top (as / because of ) hard work and perseverance.
8.(Since / one effect of ) he was not wearing his glasses, he couldn't
read.
9.She had health problems (since / because of) poor sanitation in the
village.
Write the cause and effect for each sentence: 30
1. Tim forgot his math book, so he was unable to complete his homework.
Cause: _______________________________________________________
Effect: _________________________________________________________
2. Keegan was hungry because he skipped lunch.
Cause: _______________________________________________________
Effect: ________________________________________________________
3. Erin's car had a flat tire, so she called a tow truck.
Cause: _______________________________________________________
Effect: _______________________________________________________
4. Gina couldn't find the cookies because Papa hid them in the cupboard.
Cause: ______________________________________________________
Effect: ________________________________________________________
5. Kelly studied her spelling words as a result she got an A on the test.
Cause: ________________________________________________________
Effect: _____________________________________________________
LETTER WRITING
A FORMAL LETTER
33
Layout
YOUR ADDRESS
+
Street name
City
DATE
5 September 2011
5 Sept. 2011
September 5, 2011
5.09.2011
34
Layout
Receivers Name
Receivers Position
Companys Name
Companys
Address
35
Layout
BEGINNING
Dear Mr Cloud
Dear Mr J. Cloud
Dear Mrs Cloud
Dear Miss Cloud
Dear Ms Cloud
Dear Ms Mary Cloud
Dear Manager
Dear Sir or Madam
36
Layout
CONTENTS
Introduction 1 parag
conclusion 1 parag
37
Layout
ENDING
Yours sincerely
(if you know the name)
signature
NAME (printed)
Yours faithfully
(dont know the name)
signature
NAME (printed)
38
Introduction
BE AS ACCURATE AS
POSSIBLE!
40
NO IRRELEVANT INFORMATION!
41
Conclusion
CLOSING STATEMENT
I look forward to hearing from you.
I am looking forward to hearing from you.
I look forward to hear from You.
I look forward to your reply.
I am looking forward to Your reply.
42
Style
Letter of application
Introduction
Explain which job you are applying for and how / where you heard about it
Body
1st paragraph: Briefly describe your most relevant qualifications and / or
experience
2nd paragraph: Explain why you want the job and why you think you
would be good at it
Conclusion
Say how you can be contacted and / or when you are available for
interview
PRACTICE
45
Order the information to write an application letter
Mark Wallace
Senders address: 22 Rocks Lane Bristol BS8 9DF
Yours sincerely
Date: 20 April 2015
I am available for interview next week and look forward to hearing from you.
Dear Ms Smith
Receivers name: Ms Linda Smith
Receivers position: Human Resources
I am writing to apply for the post of assistant designer advertised in the
evening post of 18 April. Please find enclosed a copy of my CV.
Companys name: Multimedia Design
Since graduation from Cardiff university I have been working for EMS
corporate on a contract basis. I have become particularly interested in
interactive and multimedia work and now wish to develop my career in that
direction.
Companys address: 4 Albion Road London SE1 8DD
I would welcome that chance to work as part of a small dynamic team where I
could make a significant contribution while developing my skills yet further. I
would be happy to show you a portfolio of my work.
Enc. CV
46
22 Rocks Lane
Bristol BS8 9DF
Ms Linda Smith 20 April 2015
Human Resources
Multimedia Design
4 Albion Road
London SE1 8DD
Dear Ms Smith
I am writing to apply for the post of assistant designer advertised in the
evening post of 18 April. Please find enclosed a copy of my CV.
Since graduation from Cardiff university I have been working for EMS
corporate on a contract basis. I have become particularly interested in
interactive and multimedia work and now wish to develop my career in that
direction.
I would welcome that chance to work as part of a small dynamic team where
I could make a significant contribution while developing my skills yet
further. I would be happy to show you a portfolio of my work.
I am available for interview next week and look forward to hearing from you.
Yours sincerely
Mark Wallace
Enc. CV
Read this extract from an article about teenagers. 47
Yours sincerely