Anaerobic Biofilm Reactors

for the Textile Wastewater

Presented by
TreatmentMd. Masirul Afroz # 0416022035
Md. Nurus Sakib # 0416022021

Course Teacher
Dr. Md. Shahinoor Islam
Chemical Engineering, BUET
 Introduction
Textile industry is one of the major sources of waste water
Dyes, toxic chemicals, high BOD
Aerobic, anaerobic and Combined systems are available
Anaerobic treatment
Types of Anaerobic Biofilm
Reactors
Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket (UASB)
Anaerobic Fluidized Bed Reactor (AFBR)
Anaerobic Filter Reactor
Types of Anaerobic Biofilm
Reactors
UASB Reactor
Types of Anaerobic Biofilm
Reactors
AFBR Reactor
Types of Anaerobic Biofilm
Reactors
Anaerobic Filter Reactor
Biofilm Formation in the Reactor
 Biofilm Formation in the Reactor

Three layer model by MacLeod (1990)

 Effects of Different Components
of the Effluent
Organic Loading

Scouring
Pectin, fatty acids, wax, glycerol, steroids etc.
Desizing
Starch and its derivatives
 Effects of Different Components
of the Effluent
Organic Loading

Athanasopoulos (1986)
Effluent from scouring and desizing department
Anaerobic Filter (Upflow mode)
Maximum loading of 2.75 kg COD m-3 day-1
60 to 90% removal of COD
 Effects of Different Components
of the Effluent
Organic Loading

Effluent from dye and finishing processes

Anaerobic expanded bed reactor, maximum COD
loading of 0.63 kg COD m-3 day-1, removal of 50 to
87% COD, became 35% at increased loading
Upflow anaerobic filter, maximum loading 1 kg COD
m-3 day-1, COD removal of the 50-90%, collapsed at
increased load at 1.3 kg COD m-3 day-1
 Effects of Different Components
of the Effluent
Nutrients

Textile effluent often contains nitrogen and

phosphorus in the form of ammonium salts, nitrates,
phosphates etc.
Anaerobic processes are good for COD removal but
cannot remove ammonium or phosphate salts.
COD/N ratio is important
 Effects of Different Components
of the Effluent
Effect of pH
Dyeing process involves acids and alkalies
Bleaching, desizing, scouring and mercerizing used alkali
in large amounts
Extreme pH must be avoided to maintain good reactor
performances
Acetic acids can be a good option
Mixing of the effluents from different stages can be made
to reduce pH fluctuations
Effects of Inhibitory
Compounds
High sludge retention times and short hydraulic retention times for
Na (Rinzema et al.)

Potential Problematic Compounds are

Biocides used in the growing or storage of cotton or wool (e.g.
chlorinated aromatics),
Finishing products (e.g. synthetic resins), surfactants (e.g. alkyl
phenol ethoxylates),
Dye solvents (e.g. trichlorobenzene, butylbenzoate),
Reducing agents (e.g. sodium sulphide, sodium hydrosulphite),
Heavy metals in metal complex dyes (e.g. copper),
Sulphate salts used as dyebath additives,
Oxidizing agents (e.g. dichromate),
Bleaching agents (e.g. hypochlorite, hydrogen peroxide).
Remedies

PAD (Primary Adsorption and sludge Digestion)

More Volume Handling

Capacity Required

More water/ diluent is

Upfront dilution required
Pre-adsorption of inhibitory compounds
 Effects of Surfactants

recalcitrance to complete mineralization

Alkylsulphonates and Alkylbenzenesulphonates (ABS)
did not degraded even in sediments exposed for over 25 years

excessive foaming
sludge bulking
Effects of Surfactants

Anaerobic Fixed Bed reactor -

Wool scouring effluents can contain levels up to 800
mg dm-3 alkyl phenol ethoxylate (APEO) (Lapsirikul et
al.)
Anaerobic Reactors for
Textile Wastewater
Why Anaerobic Reactor ?
- Azo dye Removal
- High Load
- No surfactant foaming
 Azo Dye Removal

Readily Cleaved via four electron

Reduction
- Electrons are supplied by external
Carbon source

Problems
- Aromatic amines can be
Mutagenic and carcinogenic
Fluidized Bed Reactor

Sen and Demirer used pumice as support material

on an FBR
maximum COD, BOD5 and color removals were
found to be around 82%, 94% and59%
for HRT of around24 h and OLR of 3 kg COD/m3/d.
Azni Idris and Mahdi Haroun used AC as support
material.
98% soluble COD, 95% BOD5, and 65% color reduction
were possible by an anaerobic FBR for an HRT of 40
hrs.
Fluidized Bed Reactor
 Combined Anaerobic- Ozone Bio-
filtration

Moving Bed Bio-film Reactor

Based on 15 different trials of MBBR designed by Box Behnken
method, maximum COD removal observed is 87.6% and maximum
BOD observed is 79.55%. ( Park et al.)
Combined MBBR and
Coagulation
Three MBBRs were used and the reactor was filled
with 20% (v/v) of polyurethane-activated carbon as
carrier.

In the MBBR process, 85% of COD and 70% of color

were removed using relatively low MLSS
concentration and short hydraulic retention time
(HRT=44hr).

coagulation resulted in further removal of COD and

color (95% COD and 98% color).
Combined MBBR and
Coagulation
 Comparison with Different
Biofilm Reactors
Remov
Influen
Anaerobi al Removal
t COD Influen
c OLR HRT Rates Rates of
t Color
Systems of COD Color in %
( mg/L)
in %
1.2 g
Baffled
1000 COD/L- 20h 70 90
Reactor
d
Two Stage
646 155 SU 12h 74 67
UASB
500 2-2.4 g
UASB 1200 dil.facto COD/m3 8-10h 60 50
r d
0.8 OD 3.6g
MBBR 1-2
6000 ( 500 COD/L- 88 98
days
nm) d
Conclusion

advantages of using anaerobic treatment

Dyes can be decolourized effectively

Surfactants cannot create foaming problems
Low cost technique

Further Experiment/Working
Thank You