Sugarcane

Muhammad Rizwan Akram (23)

Muhammad Yaseen (44)
Niaz Ahmad (51)
Ghulam Mujtaba (52)

BZU, Bahadur Sub Campus

Layyah
Sugarcane 1
 Presentation Outline
Scientific Classification
Nutrition's value
Sugarcane in Pakistan
Top Countries
Botany
Economic Importance
Growth and Development of Sugarcane
Sugarcane Cultivars and their Characteristcs
Planting of Sugarcane
Sugarcane Crop Maintenance
Harvesting of cane
 Scientific Classification

Botanical Name Saccharrum

officinarum L
Class Liliopsida

Order Cyperales

Family Poaceae

Genus Saccharum

Popular Name Sugarcane, Kamad,

Ganna

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 Nutrition's value
Component Percentage

Fibre 11-16

Soluble Sugar 12-16

Non Sugar 2-3

Water 63-73

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 Sugarcane in Pakistan
PAKISTAN 2010

Area 942,870 ha

Production 49,372,900 tones

yield 52.36 t ha-1

6th in world production

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 TOP COUNTRIES
COUNTRY PRODUCTION (T)

BRAZIL 717,462,000

INDIA 292,300,000

CHINA 111,454,359

THAILAND 68,807,800

MEXICO 50,421,600

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 Botany
Perennial:- It lives for more than two years
C4
Determinate
Sugarcane completes its vegetative and
reproductive at a time
Cross Pollination
Seed Sett:-
Stem of sugarcane with buds at nodes is used as a
seed.

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 Economic Importance
30% of cane used in mills
60% used for making unrefined sugar(gur,
shakar)
10% retained as a seed
Bagasse used in paper industry
Molasses in alchohol industry
Sugarcane wax used for making shoe polish
Cane tops used as animal fodder

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 Growth and
Development of
Sugarcane
Composition of the plant:-
73-76% water,
24-27% Solids(11-16 % fibre, 10-16% soluble solids)
75-92% sugar,
3-7% salts,
Rest are free organic acids and organic non-sugars.

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 Growth and
Development of
Shoot system:-
Sugarcane
Stem consist of several nodes and internodes.
Contain sweet sap.
Nodes bear buds.
Stem is circular or oval shape.
Leaves:-
Size varies from top to bottom
of the plant.
About 10 mature leaves present
at a single stem.

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 Growth and
Development of
Root system
Sugarcane
Three types of root system
Primary Roots
Originate from sets
Secondary Roots
Thinner and more branched when
tillers are formed.
Fibrous
These are also called as advantacious
roots.
They spread 2 meters away and six meters in depth.

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 Growth and
Development of
Sugarcane
Growth pattern:-
Germination, tillering phase from 4-8 months
In normal planting half tiller are matured.
Lodging effects late tillering
Shorter photo periods effects tillering
Ratooning:-
Roots remain in soils and give rise to a ratoon crop
in next years.
Ratoon crops is weed free as initial.
Several successive ratoon crops are practiced.

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 Growth and
Development of
Sugarcane
Environmental Factors.
High temperature with moderate humidity is needed.
Rainfall ranging from 1250-2500 mm
Temperature:-
Minimum tolerable temperature is 21 C Optimal
temperature is 27-38 C
Sunlight:-
Sugarcane is sun loving species.
Reduced sunlight decreases yield, sugar content.

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 Growth and
Development of
Soil:-
Sugarcane
Requires a fertile, well drained soil and abundant
supply of moisture.
Most suitable soil is deep clay loam.
Saline soils are also used somehow.

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 Sugarcane Cultivars and
their Characteristcs
Three main type of sugarcane ; early, medium, and
late maturing.
BL4; thick, high yielding, early maturing with semi
spreading growth.
Triton; evolved from Australia, donated to Iran and
then to Pakistan.Medium-high yielding variety.

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 Planting of Sugarcane
Land Preparation:-
5-6 ploughings with atlest 2 plankings.
Breakage of hard pan also necessiry.
Ploughing must go atleast 20-25 cm depth
Time & Method of Planting:-
Appropriate and scheduled planting time
Spring sowing February-March which matures in
February
Autumn sowing; August-September which matures in
November

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 Planting of Sugarcane
Seed Rate:-
75,000-100,000 Setts ha-1 OR 200-250 mounds ha-1
Seed is sufficient for early sowing.
Planting Pattern:-
Three methods of planting i.e
Strip planting/Ridge planting; R-R distance is
30/60/90 cm for single/double/tripple strips
respectively.

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 Planting of Sugarcane
Flat sowing; has not implemented on large scale.
Pit Planting:-

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 Planting of Sugarcane
Pre-planting treatment:-
48 hours soaking in water enhances germination.
Soaking in hot water(50C) for 20% minute greatly
enhances germination.
Indoleacetic acid or nephthaleneacetic acid enhances
root growth.
Acetylene promotes growth of cutting.

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 Sugarcane Crop
Maintenance
Fertilizer Requirement:-
200 100-150 100 KG(NPK) ha-1
One third N & whole P & K AT sowing
Remaining one third N at tillering (2 months after
sowing)
Remaining one third at earthing up(before start of
rainy season

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 Sugarcane Crop
Maintenance
Irrigation Water Requirement:-
Water requirement is 120-160 cm for spring and 200-
250 cm for autumn.
After every 25-30 days water should be applied but
during dry seasons intervals should be shortened.

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 Sugarcane Crop
Maintenance
Weed Control Practices:-
In sugarcane weeds grow before germination of
setts and compete with crop at initial stages.
One blind before the crop germinates.
Pesticides should be used repeatedly untill crop gets
knee height.
Weeds of surcane are deela, itsit, bathu, kandyaree,
e.t.c

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 Sugarcane Crop
Maintenance
Diseases & Insects:-
Red rot; attacks on the stalks, stubble, rhizomes,
and leaf midribs.(Colletotricum falcatum)
Sugarcane Smut; seed born fungal disease(Ustilago
scitiminea)
Others are Grassy Shoot, Pineapple, e.t.c.

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 Harvesting of cane
Harvesting is done when the crop is fully matured.
Maximum portion of the stem is separated from
leaves.
Harvested should be immediately reached to the mill
or processed otherwise weight and sucrose loss may
occour.
Transport should be arranged advanced.

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