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Smoking, IOP, and MAP! By :
bagussofian
THE EFFECTS OF CIGARETTE SMOKING ON INTRAOCULAR
PRESSURE AND ARTERIAL BLOOD PRESSURE OF
NORMOTENSIVE
YOUNG NIGERIAN MALE ADULTS

C. O. TIMOTHY and R. O. NNELI

Ocular Physiology Unit, Department of Optometry and * Department of Physiology, College of

Medicine and Health Sciences, Abia State University, P.M.B. 2000, Uturu, Abia State, Nigeria.
bismillah!
 Ilmu Allah SWT Maha Luas.
Tiada gugur sehelai daun kayu pun, melainkan Dia mengetahuinya, dan tiada sebuah biji dalam gelap gulita bumi dan tiada
pula benda yang basah dan yang kering, melainkan semuanya dalam Kitab yang terang. (QS. Al-Anam: 59)

This
is US!
 Topic to Discuss

PICO
Journal Discussion
Analysis
 1.
PICO Analysis
Lets start with the first set of slides
 Patient
50 Male Student, devoid
of obvious ocular
pathology and systemic
diseases and nonsmokers
Intervention
had their intra ocular pressure
(IOP) and Blood Pressure (BP)
and smoking 2 sticks of
ciggarette each day for a month
and there after

PICO
Anatomy
Analysis Outcome
to determine the effects of
Comparison cigarette Smoking on intra
ocular
- pressure and arterial blood
pressure of normotensive young
male adults
 2.
Journal Session
Repetition is the key
 Introduction

=Nicotine is the primary active ingridient of tobacco Stimulate the release of

norepnephrin
Highest prevalence, at 18
y.o unemployed. SMOKING! Have a direct effect
on the nervous
system

According to Basic Eye Increase the amount of

Health (2005) Decrease be a risk factor incataracts, free radicals disrupt eye
blood flow or cause diabetic retinopathy, healthy cells and lead to
eye disease
clot to the eye glaucoma, graves
ophthalmopathy and optic
Whats the neuritis
(Basic Eye Health, 2005).
effect?
ng of f vital nutrient essential to health
 Introduction (Contd)

Normal of IOP have been reported to vary in

both eyes even in the same individuals (Cradle
1940)

IOP
Intra Occular Pressure
Normal values of intra ocular pressure (IOP) as it
varies from individuals to individuals.

Schwabs (1999) reported that 95% of young adults had IOPs

range from 10 21mmHg which was considered standard
So, restoration and
value for normotensive young adults
reconstruction
of normal anatomy
Are the challenge of
surgeon
 Introduction (Contd)

Increased BP for months could also damage

blood vessels in the heart, the kidneys, the
brain and the eyes (Simon and David, 2002).

HIGH
Blood Pressure

higher prevalence of systolic diastolic pressure was a strong

hypertension predictor of heart attack and stroke in
in individuals between the ages of 50 young adults
59 years
 Material & Methods

50 males Inclusion Criteria

Abia State University, Uturu aged between 18 30 years old, non smokers,
without ocular pathology and systemic disease
HEALTHY PEOPLE, WHO FED 3X/DAY
Measuring
Exclusion Criteria
There is an acular pathology and systemic
disease

Blood - All ps History was recorded

Intra Occular
Pressure Pressure - BP measured using mercury
sphygmomanometer
At Optometry Clinic of Abia - intra ocular pressure (IOP) measured
State University, Uturu. The study lasted for with a schiotz tonometer (0.4 % of
one month and between 8.00am 12.00pm
Novesin)
 patien
Material & Methods Patient in supine position
(Contd)
t
Novesin 0,4%

Eye fixation with thumbs

Calibrate first

Bebankan Tonometri Schiotz

dengan beban 5,5

Jika hasil kurang dari 3, maka beban

bisa diganti dengan 7/10

Cocokkan dengan Tabel

 Material & Methods
Trial cigarette smoking procedure (Contd)

One stick of Benson and Hedges brand

of cigarette was given to each of the
subjects to smoke and gulp the smoke
 Material & Methods
Test (Induced) Measurements (Contd)

Each of the subjects were given 56 sticks of Benson and

Hedges brand of cigarette to be smoked

two sticks per day at 3 hours intervals for a

period of 1 month

Intra ocular pressure and blood pressure measurements which

were done daily for 1 month for each subject

And, statistical analysis using SPSS

RESULT
RESULT
RESULT
 3.
Discussion Session
Together is better than one
Discussion
Same result Mead and Zimmermann (2003),
Smoking, Intra Ocular Pressure and Mehta et al (1998), Umahi (2004) agreed
Blood Pressure with our present studies smoking will
Highest Prevalence increase BP
18 y.o unemployed
Same result, from another studies by Okoro (2004),
Contain nicotine leach (1955) and Hakim (1954) smoking will
norepinephrin Nervous increase TIO
system
SMOKING
risk factor of
glaucoma and ocular hypertension
including other chronic ocular diseases
Free radical
Decrease such as cataract, macular degeneration
disrupt eye healthy
Increasing of blood flow (leading to severe visual impairment
systolic and cells and lead to
or cause and blindness), retina ischaemia,
diastolic BP eye disease
clot to the eye anterior ischaemic optic neuropathy,
&
IOP gravis ophthalmopathy, and amblyopic
 thanks!
Any questions?
You can find me at
@bagussofian
bagussofian11@gmail.com
Alhamdulillah