Ecological Planning

UrbanHydrology

Group7
StormWaterRunoff
Aboli Kachare08

PoojaDawalkar17

JignaVanjara31

Semester 3 2016-2017 | Rachana Sansad Institite of Environmental Architecture

StormWaterDrain
SEATTLE
SOURCE: http://www.seattletimes.com/seattle-news/did-
development-logging-set-the-stage-for-disaster/
 Drainage infrastructure in the Citys system was developed with the primary purpose of
conveying stormwater runoff in order to protect people and property.
Prior to 1890, Seattle relied on an assortment of sewers and cesspools that, at best,
drained into surrounding lakes and salt water. Faced with recurring threats of
waterborne diseases including typhoid and cholera, Seattle's first centralized combined
sewage system was planned in 1891.

This plan sought to remove as much city sewage as possible into the salt water of
Elliott Bay and the Puget Sound with more limited drainage into the fresh water of Lake
Washington. Although originally untreated, the City undertook a succession of steps
starting in the late 1910s to remove solids, begin primary sewage treatment, and
eventually separate storm water from raw sewage.
Theseparatestormsewersystem:

In the separate system, storm drainage is directed to a separate storm drain system, while
wastewater goes to a sanitary sewer and on to the wastewater treatment plant before
discharge.
Thepartiallyseparated:
In partially separated system street run-off is diverted in pipes to the separate storm
drainage system and receiving waters. Rooftop and other private property drainage
continue to be directed to wastewater treatment plants
Thecombinedsewersystem:
The combined sewer system is a formal piped system that continues to carry both sanitary
wastewater and stormwater runoff from some parts of the City to one of the areas
wastewater treatment plants.
SOURCE: http://www.seattletimes.com/seattle-news/did-
development-logging-set-the-stage-for-disaster/
Highpointnaturaldrainagesystem:
Because of its size and its relationship to Longfellow Creek, the redevelopment of the
High Point neighborhood in West Seattle offered Seattle Public Utilities (SPU) a unique
opportunity to implement a large scale natural drainage system in an urban environment,
where it could make a real difference. High Point features the largest natural drainage
project that the City has undertaken, and the first time that a natural drainage strategy of
this scale has been used in such a high density urban
FeaturesandBenefits
Designed in partnership with Seattle Housing Authority, this natural drainage system will
treat about 10 percent of the watershed feeding Longfellow Creek one of Seattles
priority watersheds.
The natural drainage system at High Point mimics nature in many ways by using features
such as swales to capture and naturally filter storm water and open, landscaped ponds or
small wetland ponds to hold an overflow of storm water.
source : http://www.seattle.gov/util/cs/groups/public/@spu/@usm/documents/webcontent/spu02_020007.pdf
Ongoingmappingprogram:

The Citys mapping program provides the ongoing means to document and maintain the

City-owned or operated municipal separate storm drainage system including

connections, outfalls, drainage infrastructure, drainage areas, land uses, receiving

waters, treatment and flow control BMPs and other elements.

Seattles Geographic Information System (GIS) evolved from a small installation in the

former Seattle Engineering Department to GIS capabilities that are now firmly

integrated in the daily business functions of at least multiple City departments.

OVERVIEW:
Increased stormwater runoff in Seattle due to urbanisation caused water pollution,
affecting local freshwater ecosystems
Drainage fees are based on the amount of impervious land, and discounts will soon be
given to customers who have private drainage systems, to incentivise them to deal with
stormwater on site

Pilot projects have replaced existing inadequate stormwater systems with natural
drainage systems, and are being monitored.
StormWaterDrain
Chennai
Chennai precipitation facts :-
AnnualRainfall1200-1300 mm in 300 days high intensity of rain in short time.

Source :- http://www.weatherbase.com/
Incidence :-
FloodinginDecember2015inChennai.

Picture :- http://worldsmostdisasters.blogspot.in/
Reasons :-
1. Existinglengthof Storm water drain 1,660 km
RequiredLengthof storm water drain - 5,000km
2.Drainsdesignedfor Intensity of 31.399 mm per hour
Drainsrequiredfor Intensity of 50 mm per hour
3. Heightoftheroadcontinues to be raised while it is resurfaced every
time. Milling has not been done by most contractors as they want to save
money and time in violation of IRC rules.
4. Most of the naturalandmanmadetanksin the city are disappearing.
Measures taken by the authorities :-
Compoundwallis being built along water bodies , but this shall cutoffinletsand
outlets so there is no way for the excess water to drain off and once again flooding
can take place.

Picture :- http://chennaiplus.net/
Solution :-
FloodinginDecember.could notbepreventedbut the water logging and
damages could have been minimized by efficient , well designed drainage system.

Source:-

Picture:- Picture:-http://www.indiawaterportal.org/rss-
http://chennaicorporation.gov.in/departments/storm- articles-feed
water-drain/introduction.htm
Rainwaterharvestinglaws
comparisonstate-wise
 WaterHarvesting
Rainwater harvesting is the accumulation and deposition of rainwater for reuse on-site, rather
than allowing it to run off.
Ground water resource gets naturally recharged through percolation. But due to indiscriminate
development and rapid urbanization, exposed surface for soil has been reduced drastically with
resultant reduction in percolation of rainwater, thereby depleting ground water resource.
Rainwater harvesting is. "Conscious collection and storage of rainwater to cater to demands of
water, for drinking, domestic purpose & irrigation is termed as Rainwater Harvesting.
The harvesting of rainwater simply involves the collection of water from surfaces on which rain
falls, and subsequently storing this water for later use. Normally water is collected from the roofs of
buildings and stored in rainwater tanks.
Importanceofharvestingrainwater
This is perhaps one of the most frequently asked question, as to why one should harvest
rainwater. There are many reasons but following are some of the important ones.

To arrest ground water decline and augment ground water table

To beneficiate water quality in aquifers
To conserve surface water runoff during monsoon
To reduce soil erosion
To inculcate a culture of water conservation
 Legislationonrainwaterharvesting
Implementationofthebye-lawsindifferentstates&cities

States RWHMandatoryin Implementati Awareness Incentives

buildings on Generation/
Stakeholder
Involvement
Kerala RWH made mandatory for Residential Kerala Multiple ownership Gvt would
(with floor area of 100 sq.m or more Government grant a subsidy of
has been found to work
and plot area of 200 sq.m or more) plans to take up 75%-90% subsidy
more effectively in case
The minimum capacity of the storage 8,750 wells for on RHW
of RWH. RWH
rank as stipulated: RWH. construction unit.
structures in flats with
Residential : 25 litres/Sq.m
multiple owners are
Commercial : 50 litres/Sq.m
maintained better than
those in individual
houses.
New Delhi Since June 2001, the Ministry of Urban Building plans Pilot Projects on RWH Provides financial
Development has made rainwater are not have been undertaken incentives for
harvesting mandatory in all new sanctioned in several Government construction of
buildings with a roof area of more than unless such Buildings. RWH pits in the
100 sq. m. and in all plots with an area provision is form of 50% of
of more than 1000 sq. m., that are provided. the cost of
being developed construction
or upto Rs. 2 Lakh
cash to registered
Resident Welfare
Associations
which have
implemented
RWH.
 Legislationonrainwaterharvesting
Implementationofthebye-lawsindifferentstates&cities

States RWHMandatoryin Implementati Awareness Incentives

buildings on Generation/
Stakeholder
Involvement
Indore Rainwater harvesting has been made Indore is amongst IMC has an Information A rebate of 6 per
(Madhya mandatory in all new buildings with an one of the foremost Centre to divulge data cent on property tax
Pradesh) area of 250 sq m or more. leaders in on technical aspects of has been offered as
RWH has been made mandatory for G+3 propagating and RWH. an incentive for
Structures. implementing RWH RWH cell undertakes implementing RWH.
on a large scale. activities related to Initial incentive of a
The number of RWH awareness generation, one year complete
structures in Indore conducts exhibitions, property tax waiver
is 3,000 compared distributes pamphlets and for
to 1,000 in Delhi coordinates buildings undertaking
with NGOs RWH helped
popularize RWH and
ensured high
compliance level.

Hyderabad Rainwater harvesting has been made In critical areas, Hyderabad Metropolitan 50% subsidy
(Andhra mandatory in all new buildings with an HMWS&SB has Water Supply and announced on RWH
pradesh) area of 300 sq m or more irrespective of constructed Sewerage Board structures was lifted
the roof area nearly 14,000 (HMWS&SB) has special due to poor
All existing Municipal building were RWH structures Cells at their response.
made to undertake RWH within 1 year office where people can
from the issue of Notification get information regarding
RWH
 Legislationonrainwaterharvesting
Implementationofthebye-lawsindifferentstates&cities

States RWHMandatoryin Implementati Awareness Incentives/

buildings on Generation/ Penalties
Stakeholder
Involvement
Mumbai The State Government has made RWH has been RWH cell has conducted If completion
(Maharashtra) rainwater harvesting mandatory for all imposed as an citizen essay competitions certificate
buildings that are being constructed on IOD (Intimation in different languages, for RWH is not
plots that are more than 1,000 sq m in of Disapproval) published an Information submitted to PHED,
size. condition and booklet on RWH, water supply
By 2007, the same provision became Completion advertised hoardings,
connection can be
mandatory to buildings with plot area of certificate to conducted Drawing
3,000 square meters and above and now buildings is granted Competitions with terminated.
it is 5,000 square meters. only after installation Municipal school children
MCGM is the first MC in Maharashtra to of RWH structure(s). and involved NSS
make RWH mandatory. students
From Nov. 2002, new buildings within in awareness generation.
MCGM area are granted water
connections only @90lpcd (compared to
135lpcd as supplied earlier) and
these new buildings are required to
meet the remainder of demand through
RWH or recycling.

Haryana Haryana Urban Development Authority The CGWA has also

(HUDA) has made rainwater harvesting banned drilling of
mandatory in all new buildings irrespective tubewells in notified
of roof area. areas.
 Legislationonrainwaterharvesting
Implementationofthebye-lawsindifferentstates&cities

States RWHMandatoryin Implementati Awareness Incentives/

buildings on Generation/ Penalties
Stakeholder
Involvement
Gujarat Under the Gujarat Development Control MCs like Surat Municipal
Regulations, buildings with area between Corporation are taking
500 and 1500 sq.m.; the owner or initiatives towards
developer shall have to undertake spreading awareness
Rainwater Harvesting as per the Authority on RWH by organizing
Specifications. For buildings with area Programmes, displaying
between 1500 to 4000 sqm., hoardings, pamphlets
owner/developer has to provide
percolation wells with rain water
harvesting system @ one percolating well
for every 4000 sqm or part thereof of
building unit.

Rajasthan The State Government has made A period of 6 months If completion

rainwater harvesting mandatory for all was given after the certificate for RWH
public establishments and all properties in issue of notification is
plots covering more than 500 sq m in for implementation not submitted
urban areas. of RWH structures to PHED, water
in supply connection
houses. After can be terminated
implementation
of RWH structure,
owners are required
to obtain certification
from Municipal body.
 Legislationonrainwaterharvesting
Implementationofthebye-lawsindifferentstates&cities

Daman&Diu Goa Himachal Karnataka Meghalaya

Pradesh
Administration of PWD, Goa has been All commercial and Residential sites, whichThe State Government of
Daman & Diu has also asked to take up institutional exceed an area of 2400 Meghalaya has instructed
advised the local rainwater harvesting buildings, tourist the concerned Department
sq ft (40 x 60 ft), shall
bodies such as structure for and industrial to provide funds under their
create rain harvesting
Municipality & District Government complexes, hotels respective annual plans for
facility according to the
construction of roof top
Panchayat to make buildings. Rainwater etc, existing or
new law. rainwater harvesting
provision for harvesting already coming up and
construction of roof top implemented at having a plinth area structures in the Govt.
rain water harvesting Government of more than 1000 State has also extended buildings.
RWH structures, however, Engineering College square metres will help to the individual
Mandat local bodies has at Farmagudi, have rain water people also to the tune
ory already initiated action Ponda, Goa by the storage facilities of 20% rebate on tax
in this regard. PWD. The PWD, commensurate with payment for 5 years
Goa is studying the size of roof
various designs of area. duration.
roof top rain water
harvesting for taking A massive programme to
up other existing Construction of implement roof top
large Government rainwater
rainwater harvesting in
buildings and for any harvesting system
has also been rural schools has been
new coming
made mandatory taken up by Rural
Government
buildings under for all schools, govt. Development &
construction. buildings and rest Panchayati Raj.
houses, upcoming
industries& bus
stands.
 Legislationonrainwaterharvesting
Implementationofthebye-lawsindifferentstates&cities

Lakshadweep Nagaland Pondicherry WestBengal Arunachal

Pradesh,Andam
an-Nicobarand
Orissa.
Lakshadweep The State Approvals are Vide Rule 171 of the Building By-laws are being
Administration has Government has issued to new West Bengal Municipal framed keeping provision
already taken up already made constructions (Building) Rules, 2007, for rain water harvesting as
construction of provision for roof top subject to the installation of rainwater mandatory in Government
rainwater harvesting rainwater compulsory provision of harvesting system has Buildings.
structures in different for all new rainwater been made mandatory.
islands. Government harvesting in
RWH
Mandat
buildings . building designs.
PWD, Pondicherry
ory has started
constructing roof
top rainwater
harvesting
structures in the
Government
buildings since
2002.
 Legislationonrainwaterharvesting
Implementationofthebye-lawsindifferentstates&cities

Rajkot Nagaland Pondicherry Surat Jabalpur

The Rajkot Municipal Rainwater By order dated Currently, 50 % Rainwater harvesting

Corporation harvesting is 27th January subsidy maximum has been made
amended the mandatory in all 2006 rainwater amount up to Rs. mandatory in all new
byelaws of general buildings in Nagpur harvesting has 2000/- is given to the buildings with an area of
development control from March 2005. been made citizens to encourage 250 sq m or more from 1
regulations through mandatory for the noble cause of April 2005. A rebate of 6
the regulation As per the buildings having rainwater recharging. per cent on property tax
No.17.18 to make it regulation, area an area more than has been offered as an
mandatory to equal to or more 250 sq m. incentive for
RWH
Mandat undertake rainwater than 300 sq. m. implementing rainwater-
ory harvesting in shall have one or A rebate of 6 % in harvesting systems in
buildings having built more rainwater property tax in the the building
up area of 80 sq m or harvesting year in which the
more. However, in structures such as construction of
case of existing an open well or rainwater
buildings more than bore well, or harvesting facility
1000 Sq Mts. of built- underground has been
up area a moratorium storage tank or completed will be
of five years shall be percolation pits. provided for the
given within which owner of the
the above building as an
requirements of the incentive.
Development
Regulations shall be
complied with.
 FactsandImportance
All government departments, PSUs and institutions buildings must have rainwater harvesting
system.
In Delhi, rainwater harvesting mandatory in all institutions and residential colonies in notified
areas (South and southwest Delhi and adjoining areas like Faridabad, Gurgaon and
Ghaziabad). The CGWA has also banned digging of tube wells in many areas.
Some states provide subsidy to farmers who practice rainwater harvesting.
Allahabad became first city in north India to promote rainwater harvesting through surcharges
in the house tax. The rule gives a two percent rebate in house tax in the buildings with
rainwater harvesting systems. But if the houses have no such systems, additional surcharges
can be imposed and house tax gets increased.
According to central ground water board, ground water levels have declined both in hard rocks
and alluvial areas. Areas most hit by the excessive extraction are in the states of Rajasthan,
Gujarat, Tamil Nadu, Punjab, Delhi and Haryana.
Traditional water harvesting methods, which worked best in arid and semi-arid areas are either
missing or have been abandoned.
In some parts of the country like Rajasthan, Gujarat, Haryana and Delhi, the in-storage
or static ground water resources are also limited and depletion in ground water level is
resulting in ground water drought scenario.
Surface water (rivers) cannot be used throughout the year as many rivers dry up during
summers.
References :-
MapmyIndia,Esri,HERE,USGC,NGA
Source :- http://www.weatherbase.com
Picture :- http://worldsmostdisasters.blogspot.in/
Chennai requires 5,000km of storm water drainage, expert says Christin
Mathew Philip | TNN | Feb 25, 2016, 08.15 PM IST
Picture :- http://chennaiplus.net/
Picture:-http://chennaicorporation.gov.in/departments/storm-water-
drain/introduction.htm
Picture:-http://www.indiawaterportal.org/rss-articles-feed
Storm Water Drainage of Chennai ,Lacuna , Assets, and Way Forward. Balaji
Narasimhan, Associate Professor Dept.of Engineering, IIT Madras.