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Heart
The size of persons fist
Less than 500 gm in weight.
Apex at the level of 5th intercostals space
Base is where great vessels emerge, beneath 2nd rib
Receive 5% of cardiac output.
Pericardium
Serous membrane, formed of two layers
Visceral layer: thin layer on external surface of
the heart, tightly hugs the heart.
Parietal thick layer, protect heart, anchor it to
surrounding structures like diaphragm,
reinforced superficially by dense connective
tissue
Lubricating serous fluid secreted by visceral
layer is present in pericardial membrane
The wall of the heart
Is formed by three layers
Outer layer epicardium (visceral pericardium)
Middle layer myocardium which is thick bundle of
cardiac muscle twisted into ring like arrangements
It is reinforced internally by dense fibrous connective
tissue called skeleton of the heart
Deep layer endocardium thin glistening sheet of
endothelium enclose the heart and continuous with
great vessels in and out
Chambers of the heart
Two atria, receiving chambers, thin
wall.
Two ventricles are discharging
chambers, thick wall
The left ventricle form the apex
The right ventricle form anterior
surface.
Septum divides heart to RT, lt
halves.
Interatrial, interventricular septum.
Heart is double pump