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Chapter 17 - Reaction

and Revolution

When France sneezes, all


Europe catches a cold.
1. Search for Stability

A) The Congress of Vienna


A) Congress of Vienna

Congress of Vienna
Lord Castlereagh England
Alexander I Russia
A) Congress of Vienna

Congress of Vienna
Prince Metternich Austria
oReactionary
Charles Talleyrand - France
1) Redrawing
Map of Europe

1. Safeguards against France


(Indemnities)
2. Restoration of Legitimate Rulers
3. Grants of Compensation
4. Balance of Power
2) Results of the Settlement

Prevented Major
War
Ended Napoleons
reign
Paved way for
Nationalism and
Liberalism
B) Protection of the
Old Order

1) Establishing the Alliance System


1) Establishing the Alliance System

Quadruple Alliance: England; Austria;


Prussia; Russia
Concert of Europe: Allowed France in
Work together to prevent major wars
2) Testing the Alliance
System

Conservatism: Absolute Monarchs; Aristocracy;


Roman Catholicism
Suppressed Revolts in Spain and Italy
Spanish Colonies?
Britain stands with America (Monroe Doctrine)
2) Testing the Alliance
System

Success of the Greek Revolt


Double Standard by Europe
C) Rebellion against
the
Old Order

Liberalism: Individual Rights; Liberty; Freedom


Nationalism: Strong sense of National Pride in
ones country
1) Revolts of the 1830s

Louis XVIII Replaced Napoleon; Fair


Charles X Divine Right power to
Church and Nobles
1) Revolts of the 1830s

July Revolution Removed Charles X


Louis Philippe citizen king began to cater to
the Upper Class
1) Revolts of the
1830s

Belgium had been given to the


Netherlands by the Congress of Vienna
Two very different people groups
1) Revolts of the
1830s

Belgium Revolts
No one helps the Dutch
Treaty of London Belgium Independent; Neutral
2) Revolts of the 1848

- France -
Revolts in the rest of Europe Failed
High Prices; Unemployment made Paris angry
again!
June Days revolts to government
2) Revolts of the 1848

Louis Napoleon Nephew;


President
Proclaims himself Emperor
2) Revolts of the 1848

- Austria

Metternich Forced to resign; Austria


loses territory
Franz Josef I takes over Hungary and
puts down revolution (reactionary)
2) Revolts of the 1848
- Russia
Czar Nicholas I
sought to end
uprisings;
Conservative
Russification
spread culture among
people
2. Triumph of
Nationalism

realpolitik Politics of Reality


A) Crimean War

Crimean War:
Britain, France,
Sardinia vs. Russia
Russia took over
Ottoman land in
Europe
2 years; Russia
B) Italian Unification

Risorgimento :
resurgence
Giuseppe Mazzini:
Rallies Unify Italy
Camillo di Cavour:
PM of Sardinia;
B) Italian Unification

Giuseppe Garibaldi: In
Southern Italy,
Conquered Sicily and
Naples; handed over
land to King of
Sardinia Victor
Emmanuel II
C) German Unification

Zollverein: Economic
Trade Union
Otto von Bismarck:
Blood and Iron
Made Chancellor by
King Wilhelm I
Teams with Austria to
attack Denmark
C) German Unification

Bismarck convinces France and Russia


to stay out while he picks a fight with
Austria
Italy offers help
C) German Unification

Bismarck eyes land to the South by France


Franco-Prussian War: German on the Spanish throne?
France defeated and Germany forms a unified Country
D) Reforms of Austria
and Russia

Quarrel with Hungary


Dual Monarchy
Austria-Hungary
D) Reforms of Austria
and Russia

Alexander II Russification had failed


Some Reforms not enough
Assassinated!
His Son Alexander III - harsh
3. Protest of
Romanticism

Romanticism Liberty,
Equality, Fraternity; Idealism
A) Romanticism in Literature
1) Longing for Distant
Land; Past

Sir Walter Scott: Scotland; dreamed of


days gone by. Ivanhoe
Victor Hugo: French; The Hunchback of
Notre Dame, Les Miserables; Past
Days
2) Fascination with the
Supernatural
Jakob Wilhelm Grimm
Hansel and Gretal
Cinderella Little Red
Riding Hood
Johann Wolfgang von
Goethe: playwright
Faust
Edgar Allen Poe
3) Glorification of the Noble
Savage
James Fenimore Cooper:
American; Last of the
Mohicans
4) Emphasis on Nature

William Wordsworth:
goodness found in
nature
5) Love of Freedom

Lord Byron: English


Poet; promoted
European Freedom
movements
Percy Shelley: throw
off authority
6) Pride of Nationalism

Alexander Pushkin:
Russian Poet; Founder
of Modern Russian Lit.
B) Romanticism in
Music
1) Beginning of Romanticism in
Music

Ludwig van
Beethoven: Bridged
Classical to
Romanticism
2) Piano Composers
Frederic Chopin: Symbol of
Polish Freedom and Liberty
2) Piano Composers

Franz Liszt: Hungarian


Rhapsodies; Most
accomplished Pianist
3) Orchestral Music Composers
Peter Tchaikovsky:
The Nutcracker and the
1812 Overture
3) Orchestral Music Composers

Johannes Brahms:
German; beautiful
collections; 300+ songs
4) Opera Composers
Giuseppe Verdi: Italian;
Good beats Evil
4) Opera Composers
Richard Wagner: German, nationalistic
sound; Powerful Voices
C) Romanticism in
Art
Jacques Louis David
Neoclassical French Painter
Eugene Delacroix
The Great Romantic
Liberty leading People
John Constable
Love of Nature; browns
J.M.W.
Turner
Yellows and
Oranges in
Nature;
would lead to
Impressionism
The End

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