PROSCUROVA OLGA

FOOD AND NUTRION

 CONTENTS
General notions about food
What is a healthy diet?
Why is it important healthy eating?
General notions about nutrition
Nutriens
Macronutrients
Micronutrients
Vitamins
Bibliography
 THE FOOD
Foodis any substanceconsumed to
provide nutritional support for the
body. It is usually ofplantoranimal
origin, and contains essential
nutrients, such ascarbohydrates,
fats,proteins,vitamins, orminerals.
The substance isingestedby an
organismand assimilated by the
organism'scellsto provideenergy,
maintain life, or stimulate growth.
 WHAT IS A HEALTHY DIET?
A diet based on: bread, potatoes, cereals
and rich in fruits and vegetables, which
includes moderate amounts of dairy,
meat, fish and limited amounts of foods
that contain fat and / or sugar
No single food can provide all essential
nutrients the body. Thus it is important to
consume foods from all categories, for
their contribution, and need different
vitamins, minerals and fiber.
 WHY IS IT IMPORTANT
HEALTHY EATING?
A proper diet is
important for the
health of the body: for
maintaining body
weight, improving
wellness and reducing
the risk of many
diseases, including
heart disease, stroke,
cancer, diabetes and
osteoporosis.
 FOOD TO BE EATEN DAILY:
Group 1: Bread, cereals and
potatoes
Group 2: Fruits and
vegetables
Grupa 3: Lapte si produse
lactate
Group 4: Meat, fish
 NUTRITION
Nutritionis the science that interprets
the interaction ofnutrientsand other
substances infoodin relation to
maintenance, growth, reproduction, health
and disease of an organism. It includes
food intake, absorption,assimilation,
biosynthesis,catabolismand excretion.
 NUTRIENTS

The list of nutrients that people are

known to require is, in the words
ofMarion Nestle, "almost certainly
incomplete".As of 2014, nutrients
are thought to be of two types:
macro-nutrientswhich are needed
in relatively large amounts, and
micronutrientswhich are needed in
smaller quantities.
 MACRONUTRIENTS
The macronutrients are carbohudrates, fiber,
fasts, protein, and water. The macronutrients
(excluding fiber and water) provide structural
material (amino acids from which proteins are
built, andlipidsfrom which cell membranes and
some signaling molecules are built) andenergy.
Some of the structural material can be used to
generate energy internally, and in either case it
is measured inJoulesorkilocalories(often
called "Calories" and written with a capitalCto
distinguish them from little 'c' calories).
 MICRONUTRIENTS
The micronutrients areminerals,vitamins, and others.
Dietary MINERALS areinorganicchemical elements
required by living organisms,other than the four
elementscarbon,hydrogen,nitrogen, andoxygenthat
are present in nearly allorganic molecules. The term
"mineral" is archaic, since the intent is to describe simply
the less common elements in the diet. Some are heavier
than the four just mentioned, including severalmetals,
which often occur as ions in the body. Some dietitians
recommend that these be supplied from foods in which
they occur naturally, or at least as complex compounds,
or sometimes even from natural inorganic sources (such
ascalcium carbonatefrom groundoystershells).
 VITAMINS
As with the minerals discussed above, some vitamins
are recognized asorganicessential
nutrients,necessary in the diet for good health. (
Vitamin Dis the exception: it can be synthesized in the
skin, in the presence ofUVB radiation.) Certain vitamin-
like compounds that are recommended in the diet, such
ascarnitine, are thought useful for survival and health,
but these are not "essential" dietary nutrients because
the human body has some capacity to produce them
from other compounds. Moreover, thousands of
differentphytochemicalshave recently been
discovered in food (particularly in fresh vegetables),
which may have desirable properties including
antioxidantactivity.
 BIBLIOGRAPHY
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nutrition
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Food