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Eruption
Geologic Hazard
and Disaster
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What are volcanoes
and what causes them
to erupt?
A volcano is a vent,
or a mountain from
which magma
(molten or hot rocks
with gaseous
materials) are
rejected onto the
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What are volcanoes
and what causes them
to erupt?
Volcanoes are built
by surface
accumulation of their
ERUPTIVE PRODUCTS
layers of lava,
fragmented rock your name
What are volcanoes
and what causes them
to erupt?
Volcanic eruption is
the process wherein
these volcanic
materials are ejected
from a volcano.
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Classification of
volcanoes (in the
Philippines)
Active volcanoes
Potentially Active
volcanoes
Inactive volcanoes
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Active Volcanoes
These are volcanoes that
erupted within historical
times (past 600 years),
have oral or written
historical accounts, and
volcanic seismicity. They
also erupted within the
last 10, 000 years, basedyour name
Potentially Active
Volcanoes
These are volcanoes
whose landforms
are young-looking
and have no record
or proof of
eruption.
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Inactive Volcanoes
These are volcanoes that
have no record of
eruption. The long period
of inactivity is evident
from weathering and
erosion of deep and long
valleys.
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Types of Volcanic
Eruptions
Eruptions can be relatively
quiet or can be violent and
explosive.
1.Phreatic
2.Phreatomagmatic
3.Strombolian
4.Vulcanian
5.Pelean your name
Explosion driven by steam. your name
Eruption from simultaneous
ejection of fresh magmatic your name
Fountain-like pouring of lava your name
Eruption of sudden large
quantities of magmatic gas your name
Eruption of sudden large
quantities of gas at-surface your name
Violent eruption your name
Factors affecting the
intensity of volcanic
eruptions:
Magma Composition
Viscosity of the
Magma
Gas Content
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Natural Precursors of
volcanic eruption:
Seismicity
Changes in volcanic gas
emissions
Thermal changes
Ground deformation
Gravity changes
Magnetic changes
Other changes changes in
the color and volume of your name
Volcanic Hazard:
Directly related to
volcanic eruptions
Lava Flows
Pyroclastic Flows
Ash fall or Tephra Fall
Volcanic Gases
Fissuring
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Volcanic Hazard:
Indirectly related to
volcanic eruptions
Lahar or Volcanic
mudflow
and debris avalanche
Tsunami
Secondary explosion
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Is the Philippines
prone to volcanic
hazards?
Our country has more than
300 volcanoes
23 of which are considered
ACTIVE, based on the
recency of their eruptions
Bulusan,
Six most active:
Hibok Hibok,
Kanlaon, Mayon, your name
How can we reduce
disasters related to
While
volcanic eruption?
volcanoes are
located in
specific areas,
ash may be
carried to
larger distance
during an your name
What to do DURING a volcanic
eruption: