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Transmission Systems
BY:
MERUGU SRINIVAS REDDY 13K41A0241
GUGULOTH ANIL 13K41A0222
PITTA PREETHI 13K41A0255
TEKUMATLA RAJU 13K41A0269
MD.ENAYATH PASHA 13K41A0242
CONTENTS
Load / power flow Studies
Different methods of Tracing power flow
Proportional Sharing Principle (PSP)
Drawbacks of PSP
Extended Incidence Matrix (EIM)
Advantages of ( EIM) over PSP
References
LOAD/POWER FLOW
STUDIES
Load flow studies are performed to determine
the steady-state operation of an electric power
system.
It calculates the voltage at each bus, and the
power flow in all branch.
Losses in each branch and total system power
losses are also calculated.
Necessary for planning, economic scheduling,
and control of an existing system as well as
From figure 1
ji to im is, 70*40/100= 28MW
ki to im is, 70*60/100= 42MW
ji to il is, 30*40/100= 12MW
ki to il is, 30*60/100= 18MW
Figure 1
DREW BACKS OF PSP
1
EXTENDED INCIDENT MATRIX METHOD
PROPERTIES OF EIM :
Property1. Extended incidence matrix is nn square
matrix and is an invertible matrix. Hence A-1 is exists.
10
11
Where DijPLj equals the active power of generator output at bus i to the load bus j.
EXTENDED INCIDENT MATRIX METHOD
PARTICIPATION OF EACH GENERATOR TO LINE FLOW
The distribution factor from any generator i to line s-t is
equal to distribution factor from generator bus i to bus s.
15
EXTENDED INCIDENT MATRIX METHOD
POWER EXTRACTED FROM EACH GENERATOR BY
LOADS
The tracing of power flow can be done in another way as
power extracted from each load from each generator.
17
Where,
L= Load extraction matrix
19
ALGORITHM FOR THE TRACING OF
ACTIVE POWER FLOW USING EIM:
Step 1: Read the bus and line data (If phase shifting
transformer is present Read the Phase shift Angle)
Step 2: Form the Y-bus using the Singular Transformation
method in AC power flow.
Step 3: Obtain the line flows and line losses from the NR
method in case of AC power flow and DC power flow.
Step 4: Form the EIM using the Eqn.(1)
Step 5: Obtain the A-1 matrix using the Eqn. (5)
ALGORITHM FOR THE TRACING OF
ACTIVE POWER FLOW USING EIM:
Step 6: Obtain the Distribution Factor matrix (D) using the
Eqn. (10)
Step 7: Obtain the contribution of each generator to each
load using the Eqn.(11)
Step 8: Obtain the contribution of each generator to each
line flow using the Eqn.(15)
Step 9: Obtain the Load extraction matrix (L) using the
Eqn. (17)
Step10: Obtain the contribution of each line flow to the
load using the Eqn. (19)
ALGORITHM FOR THE TRACING OF
ACTIVE POWER FLOW USING EIM:
Step 11: Allocate the transmission service charge to the
each generator and the each load using Eqn.(20)
Step 12: Print the results
Step 13: STOP
ADVANTAGES OF EXTENDED
INCIDENCE MATRIX METHOD
The major advantage of the proposed
method is that the matrix theory is used to
directly build the tracing of power flow
model.
No assumption is made in tracing of
power flow.
This method can be applied to any power
flow studies like AC, DC, loop flows.
REFERENCES
J.Bialek, Tracing the flow of electricity ,
IEEE Proceedings Gener. , Trans . and
Distri. , vol. 143, no.4 , pp. 313-320, Jul.
1996
D. Kirschen, R. Allan, G. Strbac,
Contribution of individual generators to
loads and flows, IEEE Transactions on Power
System 12 (1) (1997) 52-60.
Bialek, J . Topological generation and load
distribution factors for supplement charge
allocation in transmission open access ,
IEEE Trans. , 1997 , PWRS -12 , (3), pp.
1185- 1193.
Thank you