Ch.

7:
Cellular
Getting Energy from
Respiration
food
Cellular Respiration:
making usable energy
in the form of ATP
________,
from organic
glucose like
compounds
_________.
 2 Types of Cellular
Respiration:
1. Aerobic Respiration:
Requires ___________
oxygen
Occurs in the ___________
mitochondria
Get the maximum amount of
energy from glucose- 36 ATP
C6H12O6 + O2 CO2 + H20
2. Anaerobic Respiration
oxygen
Does NOT use __________
Occurs in the ___________
cytoplasm
Get only a small amount of
energy out of glucose 2 ATP
Generally occurs in bacteria
and yeast cells.
 Glycolysis:
means to break glucose
________.
a. Its the first step in both
aerobic and anaerobic
respiration.
b. It does not use oxygen.
c. Occurs in the cytoplasm.
1. Add energy
from _____to
ATP a
glucose
molecule.
2. The _________
glucose
splits into 2 3-
carbon
molecules
(PGAL)
3. NAD+ gains
electrons to
become
NADH.
4.Four phosphates
are taken from
the 3-carbon
molecule to
make ATP and 2
molecules of
 Glycolysis Summary
Startswith: glucose
Ends with: pyruvic acid,
NADH, ATP
Net ATP production: 2
ATP
 Lactic Acid
Fermentation:
After glycolysis, the
NADH transfers an
Pyruvic acid
electron to the ______
____, regenerating the
Lactic+ acid
NAD and creating
_____ ____.
 Examples of lactic acid
fermentation:
Dairy production:
Microorganisms that use
lactic acid fermentation
eat the sugar in milk.
The lactic acid ferments
the milk to make
cheese, yogurt, etc.
Muscles:

When your muscle cells

run out of oxygen, they
can switch to lactic acid
fermentation to make
some ATP. But the lactic
acid builds up in muscles,
causing them to cramp.
 Alcoholic Fermentation:
After glycolysis, the pyruvic
acid loses a carbon to make
____.
CO The electron from
NADH
2
is then transferred to
the remaining 2-carbon
molecule, which makes it
____________.
ethyl alcohol
 Examples of alcoholic
fermentation:
Wine and beer industry:
Yeast cells eat sugars
and make the waste
product ethyl alcohol,
which is the alcohol in
wine and beer.
Breadmaking:
Yeast make bread rise
because they produce
CO2. The alcohol
evaporates during
baking.
 Fermentation Summary
Occurs in cytoplasm
Summary: empty the NADH so we can
repeat glycolysis with the next glucose

2Pyruvate CO2 and Ethanol (yeast)

or
- 2Pyruvate Lactic Acid (bacteria and
muscle cells)
NO MORE ATP CHARGED!
 ATP Tallies:
Anaerobic:
- Glycolysis: used 2, made 4
- Fermentation: used 0, made 0
Total: +2 per glucose
 Review questions
1. What is the high energy
molecule made in respiration?
2. If oxygen is NOT used to break
down glucose, what type of
respiration is that?
3. What causes your muscles to
cramp?
Aerobic Respiration
Using O2
Mitochondria
 Aerobic Respiration
Continued from glycolysis
(step 1)

Pyruvic Acid moves to the

_________a
Mitochondr
i
Step 2a
Pyruvic acid
becomes
acetyl CoA
CO NADH
and makes
2

___, _____.
 Krebs Cycle- Step 2b
Acetyl CoA continues to
Krebs Cycle where carbon
dioxide, ATP, and, FADH2,
NADH are made.
Summary of Krebs Cycle (2a
and 2b)
Startswith: pyruvic acid
Ends with: CO2 , 2ATP,
6NADH, 2FADH2,
 Krebs

Can bacteria do Krebs??

 Electron Transport Chain
(step 3)
1. NADH and FADH2 give up
_________
electronsto the ETC.
2. Electrons are passed down the
ETC and give off __________.
energy
3. Energy is used to pump _______
H+ ions
out of mitochondrial matrix.
4. H+ ions diffuse back into the
matrix through the _____________.
This produces a lot of ATP.
ATP synthase
5. _______ is the final electron
acceptor. Electrons and H+ ions
Oxygenwith O2 to make water.
combine
 Electron Transport Chain
Summary: Gather up ALL the electron
carriers and empty them to charge lots
of ATP
Reaction:
O2 H2O

Energy molecules USED: 10 NADH (from krebs

and glycolysis) + 2 FADH (from krebs)

Energy molecules MADE: 32 ATP

 Summary
Startswith: NADH, FADH2
Ends with: ATP, water
 ATP Tallies:
Aerobic:
- Glycolysis: used 2, made 4
- Krebs: used 0, made 2
- ETC: used 0, made 32
Total: +36 ATP per glucose
 Energy Summary Table
Aerobic
Anaerobic
Respiration
Respiration
(Krebs cycle
(Glycolysis)
and ETC)
# of ATP
made
from
one
2 36
sugar
 Overall Energy Summary for Aerobic
Respiration
Reactants (used up/broken down) Products (created/built up)

Glucose + 2ATP 2 Pyruvate + 4ATP + 2NADH

2 Pyruvate 2CO2 + 2Acetyl-CoA + 2NADH

2Acetyl-CoA 6NADH + 2FADH2 + 2ATP+ 4CO2

10NADH + 2FADH2 + 6O2 32ATP + 4CO2 + 6H2O

Whats Left?

Final Reaction for Aerobic

 Overall reaction

C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 +

6H2O
ATP