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BIM
User
Architect Contractor
E E S S F S
2004
US Dept. of
Commerce,
Bureau of Labor
Statistics
An Industry Overview
2004
NIST Study
$15.8 billion / year
lost in construction
industry due to lack
of interoperability
NIST
1 Owner Leadership 2
Models
3 3 Traditional design process
PD SD DD CD PR CA OP
Time
Graphic by Patrick MacLeamy, FAIA
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Shell
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